Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States

Residential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) solar power offers a dual benefit: it reduces energy bills and helps combat climate change. Yet, the widespread adoption of RPV is influenced by multifaceted factors. This research delves into five key dimensions: socio-demographic and household characteristics...

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Main Authors: Gerald Jones, Chien-Fei Chen, Wei-An Chen, Lillian Lovingood, Xueping Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Energy Strategy Reviews
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X25000112
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author Gerald Jones
Chien-Fei Chen
Wei-An Chen
Lillian Lovingood
Xueping Li
author_facet Gerald Jones
Chien-Fei Chen
Wei-An Chen
Lillian Lovingood
Xueping Li
author_sort Gerald Jones
collection DOAJ
description Residential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) solar power offers a dual benefit: it reduces energy bills and helps combat climate change. Yet, the widespread adoption of RPV is influenced by multifaceted factors. This research delves into five key dimensions: socio-demographic and household characteristics, spatial location and racial diversity, solar suitability and rooftop potential, energy pricing and consumption behavior, and policy and incentives. Through an analysis of U.S. census tract data, this study covers residential solar adoption across all U.S. states, encompassing regions with high solar radiation and the top 5% of adoption areas. Regression models reveal that the most robust predictors of RPV adoption are policy incentives and the potential for energy cost savings. This result underscores an interactive relationship involving electricity expenses, solar radiation, and suitability. The interplay of income and education significantly contributes to a higher adoption rate. Surprisingly, the interaction between energy pricing and consumption inhibits solar adoption in areas with substantial energy use. Longer commutes negatively impact adoption, resulting in lower rates in rural areas. However, diverse populations in these regions lead to heightened adoption rates. These findings emphasize the necessity of scrutinizing interactive effects and suggest actionable policy recommendations to facilitate the widespread adoption of RPV technology, particularly in underserved and diverse communities.
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spelling doaj-art-a0ae201072744e26ab3a0d815f33247a2025-08-20T03:00:07ZengElsevierEnergy Strategy Reviews2211-467X2025-03-015810164810.1016/j.esr.2025.101648Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United StatesGerald Jones0Chien-Fei Chen1Wei-An Chen2Lillian Lovingood3Xueping Li4Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USADepartment of Sociology, Anthropology and Crime Justice, Clemson University, USA; Corresponding author.Spark Innovation Center, University of Tennessee, USASpark Innovation Center, University of Tennessee, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USAResidential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) solar power offers a dual benefit: it reduces energy bills and helps combat climate change. Yet, the widespread adoption of RPV is influenced by multifaceted factors. This research delves into five key dimensions: socio-demographic and household characteristics, spatial location and racial diversity, solar suitability and rooftop potential, energy pricing and consumption behavior, and policy and incentives. Through an analysis of U.S. census tract data, this study covers residential solar adoption across all U.S. states, encompassing regions with high solar radiation and the top 5% of adoption areas. Regression models reveal that the most robust predictors of RPV adoption are policy incentives and the potential for energy cost savings. This result underscores an interactive relationship involving electricity expenses, solar radiation, and suitability. The interplay of income and education significantly contributes to a higher adoption rate. Surprisingly, the interaction between energy pricing and consumption inhibits solar adoption in areas with substantial energy use. Longer commutes negatively impact adoption, resulting in lower rates in rural areas. However, diverse populations in these regions lead to heightened adoption rates. These findings emphasize the necessity of scrutinizing interactive effects and suggest actionable policy recommendations to facilitate the widespread adoption of RPV technology, particularly in underserved and diverse communities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X25000112
spellingShingle Gerald Jones
Chien-Fei Chen
Wei-An Chen
Lillian Lovingood
Xueping Li
Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
Energy Strategy Reviews
title Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
title_full Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
title_fullStr Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
title_short Intersectionality in residental solar adoption: Examining socio-demographics, racial diversity, geography, solar suitability, and policy in the United States
title_sort intersectionality in residental solar adoption examining socio demographics racial diversity geography solar suitability and policy in the united states
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X25000112
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