Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow
The design of heat and drag reduction systems for hypersonic vehicles has garnered widespread global attention. In this study, the Navier–Stokes equations and the SST k-ω turbulence model are employed to establish a simulation model for heat and drag reduction induced by a forward-facing cavity. The...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Ning Ding Jianlong Chang Junhui Liu |
| author_facet | Ning Ding Jianlong Chang Junhui Liu |
| author_sort | Ning Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The design of heat and drag reduction systems for hypersonic vehicles has garnered widespread global attention. In this study, the Navier–Stokes equations and the SST k-ω turbulence model are employed to establish a simulation model for heat and drag reduction induced by a forward-facing cavity. The numerical methods are validated using existing experimental results. The oscillation characteristics of the bow shock wave at the head and the shock inside the cavity in hypersonic flows are investigated. The heat and drag reduction mechanisms of the forward-facing cavity are discussed. The effects of the diameter and depth of the cavity on drag and heat reduction are comprehensively analyzed. The obtained results show that a reduction in drag and heat is achieved when a forward-facing cavity is added to the vehicle. The main reasons for this heat reduction are the cold ring mechanism and the energy conversion mechanism. The size of the cold ring is significantly affected by the cavity diameter, whereas the energy conversion mechanism is more sensitive to variations in diameter. The maximum reduction in heat load is 2.2%, and the maximum reduction in the Stanton number is 25.3%. Increases in both diameter and depth enhance drag reduction, achieving an average drag reduction of approximately 1.65%. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a084e0ee48984234b92f5ff99ff5aa1d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj-art-a084e0ee48984234b92f5ff99ff5aa1d2025-08-20T03:47:49ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-04-0112539410.3390/aerospace12050394Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic FlowNing Ding0Jianlong Chang1Junhui Liu2School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaThe design of heat and drag reduction systems for hypersonic vehicles has garnered widespread global attention. In this study, the Navier–Stokes equations and the SST k-ω turbulence model are employed to establish a simulation model for heat and drag reduction induced by a forward-facing cavity. The numerical methods are validated using existing experimental results. The oscillation characteristics of the bow shock wave at the head and the shock inside the cavity in hypersonic flows are investigated. The heat and drag reduction mechanisms of the forward-facing cavity are discussed. The effects of the diameter and depth of the cavity on drag and heat reduction are comprehensively analyzed. The obtained results show that a reduction in drag and heat is achieved when a forward-facing cavity is added to the vehicle. The main reasons for this heat reduction are the cold ring mechanism and the energy conversion mechanism. The size of the cold ring is significantly affected by the cavity diameter, whereas the energy conversion mechanism is more sensitive to variations in diameter. The maximum reduction in heat load is 2.2%, and the maximum reduction in the Stanton number is 25.3%. Increases in both diameter and depth enhance drag reduction, achieving an average drag reduction of approximately 1.65%.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/5/394heat reductiondrag reductionforward-facing cavityhypersonic vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Ning Ding Jianlong Chang Junhui Liu Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow Aerospace heat reduction drag reduction forward-facing cavity hypersonic vehicle |
| title | Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow |
| title_full | Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow |
| title_short | Investigation of Heat and Drag Reduction Induced by Forward-Facing Cavity in Hypersonic Flow |
| title_sort | investigation of heat and drag reduction induced by forward facing cavity in hypersonic flow |
| topic | heat reduction drag reduction forward-facing cavity hypersonic vehicle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/5/394 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ningding investigationofheatanddragreductioninducedbyforwardfacingcavityinhypersonicflow AT jianlongchang investigationofheatanddragreductioninducedbyforwardfacingcavityinhypersonicflow AT junhuiliu investigationofheatanddragreductioninducedbyforwardfacingcavityinhypersonicflow |