Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics
The JinEr (Golden Era) mushroom is a rare and nutritionally valuable macrofungus, prized for its unique bioactive compounds and culinary properties. It is believed to form heterogeneous fruiting bodies comprising two fungal species: Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum. While, research on the...
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2025-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004727 |
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| author | Jianqiong Lan Yongkang Zhang Yingli Cai Xiaofei Shi Kaixuan Zhang Jiacheng Huang Chengmo Yang Xinhua He Fuqiang Yu Wei Liu |
| author_facet | Jianqiong Lan Yongkang Zhang Yingli Cai Xiaofei Shi Kaixuan Zhang Jiacheng Huang Chengmo Yang Xinhua He Fuqiang Yu Wei Liu |
| author_sort | Jianqiong Lan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The JinEr (Golden Era) mushroom is a rare and nutritionally valuable macrofungus, prized for its unique bioactive compounds and culinary properties. It is believed to form heterogeneous fruiting bodies comprising two fungal species: Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum. While, research on their interaction, particularly regarding the cellular composition ratio within the substrate and fruiting body was limited. In this study, through whole-genome comparisons of 56 species, we identified candidate genes with intra- and inter-specific variation. Nine species-specific fragments were selected, with four primer pairs validated after evaluating amplification efficiency and melting curves. By comparing Ct values from four species-specific primer pairs, we quantified the relative proportions of both genotypes and revealed their striking spatial partitioning. The outer apex of the fruiting body showed the closest proportions (S. hirsutum: N. aurantialba = 1.51:1), with S. hirsutum dominance increasing progressively downward to 3.97:1 (middle of fruiting body) and 6.52:1 (base of fruiting body). Across all fruiting body sections, S. hirsutum genotypes predominated (77.12 % of total content), demonstrating that most edible tissue derives from this species rather than the prized N. aurantialba. Below the fruiting body, genotype ratios exhibited exponential divergence: increasing to 16.28:1 at 3 cm below the base, and reaching 520.92:1 at the substrate midpoint, with N. aurantialba becoming undetectable in deeper substrate layers. These results establish that S. hirsutum serves as the primary metabolic engine for substrate decomposition and nutrient acquisition. Our findings support a refined life cycle model: S. hirsutum initially colonizes and degrades substrates, forming the structural foundation for subsequent parasitism by N. aurantialba during reproductive development, ultimately yielding deformed composite fruiting bodies. This study provides the first molecular-level characterization of fungal heterogeneity in JinEr mushrooms (Naematelia aurantialba/Stereum hirsutum complex), offering fundamental insights into their life cycle and practical guidance for cultivation optimization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a081d4db88ee4a78b93052d5e88fc7ad |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-a081d4db88ee4a78b93052d5e88fc7ad2025-08-20T03:32:40ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-08-012210210110.1016/j.jafr.2025.102101Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristicsJianqiong Lan0Yongkang Zhang1Yingli Cai2Xiaofei Shi3Kaixuan Zhang4Jiacheng Huang5Chengmo Yang6Xinhua He7Fuqiang Yu8Wei Liu9Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, ChinaKey Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China; Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, ChinaGermplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, ChinaGermplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, ChinaGermplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, ChinaGermplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 90616, USAGermplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China; Corresponding author.Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China; Germplasm Bank of Wild Species & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan Province, China; Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China.The JinEr (Golden Era) mushroom is a rare and nutritionally valuable macrofungus, prized for its unique bioactive compounds and culinary properties. It is believed to form heterogeneous fruiting bodies comprising two fungal species: Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum. While, research on their interaction, particularly regarding the cellular composition ratio within the substrate and fruiting body was limited. In this study, through whole-genome comparisons of 56 species, we identified candidate genes with intra- and inter-specific variation. Nine species-specific fragments were selected, with four primer pairs validated after evaluating amplification efficiency and melting curves. By comparing Ct values from four species-specific primer pairs, we quantified the relative proportions of both genotypes and revealed their striking spatial partitioning. The outer apex of the fruiting body showed the closest proportions (S. hirsutum: N. aurantialba = 1.51:1), with S. hirsutum dominance increasing progressively downward to 3.97:1 (middle of fruiting body) and 6.52:1 (base of fruiting body). Across all fruiting body sections, S. hirsutum genotypes predominated (77.12 % of total content), demonstrating that most edible tissue derives from this species rather than the prized N. aurantialba. Below the fruiting body, genotype ratios exhibited exponential divergence: increasing to 16.28:1 at 3 cm below the base, and reaching 520.92:1 at the substrate midpoint, with N. aurantialba becoming undetectable in deeper substrate layers. These results establish that S. hirsutum serves as the primary metabolic engine for substrate decomposition and nutrient acquisition. Our findings support a refined life cycle model: S. hirsutum initially colonizes and degrades substrates, forming the structural foundation for subsequent parasitism by N. aurantialba during reproductive development, ultimately yielding deformed composite fruiting bodies. This study provides the first molecular-level characterization of fungal heterogeneity in JinEr mushrooms (Naematelia aurantialba/Stereum hirsutum complex), offering fundamental insights into their life cycle and practical guidance for cultivation optimization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004727Heterogeneous fruiting bodyHaustoriumParasitismSpecies-specific primersWhole-genome comparationGenotype |
| spellingShingle | Jianqiong Lan Yongkang Zhang Yingli Cai Xiaofei Shi Kaixuan Zhang Jiacheng Huang Chengmo Yang Xinhua He Fuqiang Yu Wei Liu Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Heterogeneous fruiting body Haustorium Parasitism Species-specific primers Whole-genome comparation Genotype |
| title | Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| title_full | Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| title_fullStr | Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| title_short | Spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of Naematelia aurantialba and Stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| title_sort | spatial ratio of two fungal genotypes content of naematelia aurantialba and stereum hirsutum in nutritional growth substrate and fruiting bodies reveals their potential parasitic life cycle characteristics |
| topic | Heterogeneous fruiting body Haustorium Parasitism Species-specific primers Whole-genome comparation Genotype |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325004727 |
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