Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion
Abstract The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anter...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2025-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Oral Science |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00357-9 |
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| author | Xin Zhou Si Chen Chenchen Zhou Zuolin Jin Hong He Yuxing Bai Weiran Li Jun Wang Min Hu Yang Cao Yuehua Liu Bin Yan Jiejun Shi Jie Guo Zhihua Li Wensheng Ma Yi Liu Huang Li Yanqin Lu Liling Ren Rui Zou Linyu Xu Jiangtian Hu Xiuping Wu Shuxia Cui Lulu Xu Xudong Wang Songsong Zhu Li Hu Qingming Tang Jinlin Song Bing Fang Lili Chen |
| author_facet | Xin Zhou Si Chen Chenchen Zhou Zuolin Jin Hong He Yuxing Bai Weiran Li Jun Wang Min Hu Yang Cao Yuehua Liu Bin Yan Jiejun Shi Jie Guo Zhihua Li Wensheng Ma Yi Liu Huang Li Yanqin Lu Liling Ren Rui Zou Linyu Xu Jiangtian Hu Xiuping Wu Shuxia Cui Lulu Xu Xudong Wang Songsong Zhu Li Hu Qingming Tang Jinlin Song Bing Fang Lili Chen |
| author_sort | Xin Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a07d64fe88ce43519095213cd2b70a8a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2049-3169 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Oral Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-a07d64fe88ce43519095213cd2b70a8a2025-08-20T03:08:05ZengNature Publishing GroupInternational Journal of Oral Science2049-31692025-04-0117111310.1038/s41368-025-00357-9Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusionXin Zhou0Si Chen1Chenchen Zhou2Zuolin Jin3Hong He4Yuxing Bai5Weiran Li6Jun Wang7Min Hu8Yang Cao9Yuehua Liu10Bin Yan11Jiejun Shi12Jie Guo13Zhihua Li14Wensheng Ma15Yi Liu16Huang Li17Yanqin Lu18Liling Ren19Rui Zou20Linyu Xu21Jiangtian Hu22Xiuping Wu23Shuxia Cui24Lulu Xu25Xudong Wang26Songsong Zhu27Li Hu28Qingming Tang29Jinlin Song30Bing Fang31Lili Chen32Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin UniversityHospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong UniversityThe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical UniversityNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityXiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South UniversitySchool of Stomatology, Lanzhou UniversityHospital of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityHospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical UniversitySchool/Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical UniversityShanxi Medical University School and Hospital of StomatologySchool of Stomatology, Zhengzhou UniversityThe First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General HospitalDepartment of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyCollege of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher EducationDepartment of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00357-9 |
| spellingShingle | Xin Zhou Si Chen Chenchen Zhou Zuolin Jin Hong He Yuxing Bai Weiran Li Jun Wang Min Hu Yang Cao Yuehua Liu Bin Yan Jiejun Shi Jie Guo Zhihua Li Wensheng Ma Yi Liu Huang Li Yanqin Lu Liling Ren Rui Zou Linyu Xu Jiangtian Hu Xiuping Wu Shuxia Cui Lulu Xu Xudong Wang Songsong Zhu Li Hu Qingming Tang Jinlin Song Bing Fang Lili Chen Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion International Journal of Oral Science |
| title | Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion |
| title_full | Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion |
| title_fullStr | Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion |
| title_short | Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion |
| title_sort | expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class iii malocclusion |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00357-9 |
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