Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making

Heuristics, characterized as concise cognitive shortcuts rooted in intuitive reasoning, are both capable of facilitating swift judgments and cognitive efficiency, but also introducing cognitive biases during decision-making. The judicial domain, renowned for its demanding decision-making processes,...

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Main Authors: Amaryllis-Chryssi Malegiannaki, Athanasios Chatzopoulos, Konstantinos Tsagkaridis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Cognition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcogn.2025.1421488/full
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author Amaryllis-Chryssi Malegiannaki
Athanasios Chatzopoulos
Konstantinos Tsagkaridis
author_facet Amaryllis-Chryssi Malegiannaki
Athanasios Chatzopoulos
Konstantinos Tsagkaridis
author_sort Amaryllis-Chryssi Malegiannaki
collection DOAJ
description Heuristics, characterized as concise cognitive shortcuts rooted in intuitive reasoning, are both capable of facilitating swift judgments and cognitive efficiency, but also introducing cognitive biases during decision-making. The judicial domain, renowned for its demanding decision-making processes, is an interesting field for studying heuristics. In this study, we developed a novel Judicial Heuristics Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) and administered it to a sample of 52 judges (20 males, Mage = 45.50, SD = 8.10), with active duty in various courts across Greece. We also evaluated their analytical System 2 thinking skills using the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). This research pursued three objectives: (a) to explore the psychometric properties of the J-HAQ; (b) to investigate the correlation between judges' perceived use of heuristics/metacognitive awareness and their objective performance on reflective thinking; (c) to assess the correlation of self-reported usage of different heuristics and explore the influence of judges' demographics (educational level, gender, age, and years of experience) in the utilization of the reported heuristics in decision-making. Findings from a Principal Component Analysis on J-HAQ scores revealed four distinct factors (Availability, Confirmation Bias, Representativeness, and Anchoring) demonstrating sufficient reliability. We also report a significant correlation between CRT scores and reported use of the anchoring heuristic (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.04). Finally, we discovered two clusters defined by different awareness of the use of various heuristics, as well as significant association of educational level with this usage. Despite the limitations of a relatively small sample size, these findings reveal a dynamic for further interesting results from research in this domain.
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spelling doaj-art-a07a6782cdc94d919b396f466bf1cc1e2025-08-20T02:40:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cognition2813-45322025-03-01410.3389/fcogn.2025.14214881421488Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-makingAmaryllis-Chryssi MalegiannakiAthanasios ChatzopoulosKonstantinos TsagkaridisHeuristics, characterized as concise cognitive shortcuts rooted in intuitive reasoning, are both capable of facilitating swift judgments and cognitive efficiency, but also introducing cognitive biases during decision-making. The judicial domain, renowned for its demanding decision-making processes, is an interesting field for studying heuristics. In this study, we developed a novel Judicial Heuristics Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) and administered it to a sample of 52 judges (20 males, Mage = 45.50, SD = 8.10), with active duty in various courts across Greece. We also evaluated their analytical System 2 thinking skills using the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). This research pursued three objectives: (a) to explore the psychometric properties of the J-HAQ; (b) to investigate the correlation between judges' perceived use of heuristics/metacognitive awareness and their objective performance on reflective thinking; (c) to assess the correlation of self-reported usage of different heuristics and explore the influence of judges' demographics (educational level, gender, age, and years of experience) in the utilization of the reported heuristics in decision-making. Findings from a Principal Component Analysis on J-HAQ scores revealed four distinct factors (Availability, Confirmation Bias, Representativeness, and Anchoring) demonstrating sufficient reliability. We also report a significant correlation between CRT scores and reported use of the anchoring heuristic (ρ = 0.29, p = 0.04). Finally, we discovered two clusters defined by different awareness of the use of various heuristics, as well as significant association of educational level with this usage. Despite the limitations of a relatively small sample size, these findings reveal a dynamic for further interesting results from research in this domain.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcogn.2025.1421488/fullheuristicscognitive biasawarenessreflective thinkingmetacognitiondecision-making
spellingShingle Amaryllis-Chryssi Malegiannaki
Athanasios Chatzopoulos
Konstantinos Tsagkaridis
Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
Frontiers in Cognition
heuristics
cognitive bias
awareness
reflective thinking
metacognition
decision-making
title Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
title_full Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
title_fullStr Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
title_full_unstemmed Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
title_short Assessing judges' use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision-making
title_sort assessing judges use and awareness of cognitive heuristic decision making
topic heuristics
cognitive bias
awareness
reflective thinking
metacognition
decision-making
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcogn.2025.1421488/full
work_keys_str_mv AT amaryllischryssimalegiannaki assessingjudgesuseandawarenessofcognitiveheuristicdecisionmaking
AT athanasioschatzopoulos assessingjudgesuseandawarenessofcognitiveheuristicdecisionmaking
AT konstantinostsagkaridis assessingjudgesuseandawarenessofcognitiveheuristicdecisionmaking