Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?

Background and objectives: The hemoglobinopathy preventive program in Duhok has been implemented since 2008. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the program through its ability to reduce the number of newly diagnosed cases. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, we reviewed newly di...

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Main Authors: Israa Khaleel Isamil, Nasir Al-Allawi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kurdistan Higher Council Of Medical Specialties 2025-06-01
Series:Advanced Medical Journal
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Online Access:https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/665
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author Israa Khaleel Isamil
Nasir Al-Allawi
author_facet Israa Khaleel Isamil
Nasir Al-Allawi
author_sort Israa Khaleel Isamil
collection DOAJ
description Background and objectives: The hemoglobinopathy preventive program in Duhok has been implemented since 2008. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the program through its ability to reduce the number of newly diagnosed cases. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, we reviewed newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathy patients in the period between Jan. 2016 and Dec. 2021 in Duhok, Iraq. Parents of patients were interviewed regarding premarital screening, counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. For those missed by former screening, further testing was performed. Results: A total of 160 newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathies over the study timeframe were recorded, with a modest decline of these cases from 35 in 2016 to 21 in 2021. Of the 160 cases, 150 were available for assessment. The parents of 50 patients (33.3%) did premarital screening: 43 were identified to be at risk, but seven were missed. The parents of 100 patients (66.7%), however, did not do premarital screening. The most frequent reasons for not seeking prenatal diagnosis being unaware of availability/being too expensive (57.5%), or for religious/cultural beliefs (35.0%).   Conclusions: The modest reduction in the numbers of newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathies, should be viewed in context, but is below the ultimate aims of the program. There is a need to tackle the challenges posed by couples marrying despite risk, or before the program was initiated, as well as the availability, religious, and legal aspects of prenatal diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies to ensure a more favorable outcome of the program.
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spelling doaj-art-a071217ee8aa49dbac455480db925e2f2025-08-20T03:07:27ZengKurdistan Higher Council Of Medical SpecialtiesAdvanced Medical Journal2958-89792957-35802025-06-0110210.56056/amj.2025.353Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?Israa Khaleel Isamil0Nasir Al-Allawi1MBChB; Senior House Officer, Department of Hematology, Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok, Kurdistan region, IraqMBChB, MSc, PhD, FRCPath; Professor of Hematology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IraqBackground and objectives: The hemoglobinopathy preventive program in Duhok has been implemented since 2008. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the program through its ability to reduce the number of newly diagnosed cases. Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, we reviewed newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathy patients in the period between Jan. 2016 and Dec. 2021 in Duhok, Iraq. Parents of patients were interviewed regarding premarital screening, counseling, and prenatal diagnosis. For those missed by former screening, further testing was performed. Results: A total of 160 newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathies over the study timeframe were recorded, with a modest decline of these cases from 35 in 2016 to 21 in 2021. Of the 160 cases, 150 were available for assessment. The parents of 50 patients (33.3%) did premarital screening: 43 were identified to be at risk, but seven were missed. The parents of 100 patients (66.7%), however, did not do premarital screening. The most frequent reasons for not seeking prenatal diagnosis being unaware of availability/being too expensive (57.5%), or for religious/cultural beliefs (35.0%).   Conclusions: The modest reduction in the numbers of newly diagnosed major hemoglobinopathies, should be viewed in context, but is below the ultimate aims of the program. There is a need to tackle the challenges posed by couples marrying despite risk, or before the program was initiated, as well as the availability, religious, and legal aspects of prenatal diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies to ensure a more favorable outcome of the program. https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/665HemoglobinopathiesIraqPremarital screening program
spellingShingle Israa Khaleel Isamil
Nasir Al-Allawi
Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
Advanced Medical Journal
Hemoglobinopathies
Iraq
Premarital screening program
title Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
title_full Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
title_fullStr Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
title_full_unstemmed Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
title_short Newly Diagnosed Cases of Major Hemoglobinopathies (2016-2021) in Duhok: How Effective is The Premarital Preventive Program?
title_sort newly diagnosed cases of major hemoglobinopathies 2016 2021 in duhok how effective is the premarital preventive program
topic Hemoglobinopathies
Iraq
Premarital screening program
url https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/665
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AT nasiralallawi newlydiagnosedcasesofmajorhemoglobinopathies20162021induhokhoweffectiveisthepremaritalpreventiveprogram