An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process

The transition of vegetative meristems to a reproductive state followed by floral development and flowering is a complex process regulated by many regulatory pathways that integrate (epi) genetic and environmental factors to guarantee the reproductive success in angiosperms. In woody and perennial s...

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Main Authors: Marlon Enrique López, Iasminy Silva Santos, Raphael Ricon de Oliveira, André Almeida Lima, Carlos Henrique Cardon, Antonio Chalfun-Junior
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Maximum Academic Press 2021-03-01
Series:Beverage Plant Research
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Online Access:https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2021-0013
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author Marlon Enrique López
Iasminy Silva Santos
Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
André Almeida Lima
Carlos Henrique Cardon
Antonio Chalfun-Junior
author_facet Marlon Enrique López
Iasminy Silva Santos
Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
André Almeida Lima
Carlos Henrique Cardon
Antonio Chalfun-Junior
author_sort Marlon Enrique López
collection DOAJ
description The transition of vegetative meristems to a reproductive state followed by floral development and flowering is a complex process regulated by many regulatory pathways that integrate (epi) genetic and environmental factors to guarantee the reproductive success in angiosperms. In woody and perennial species, such as coffee trees, the extended life cycle reflects adaptive strategies, i.e., two-year cycle, sequential flowering and bud latency during the winter, that ensure reproductive success in a variable environment. The dynamics of coffee flowering integrate multiple stimuli to induce morpho-physiological changes, especially during the reproductive phase. We discussed diverse stimuli which are directly and indirectly associated with molecular pathways related to the reproductive meristem transition and floral development until anthesis. Here, we propose to redefine some concepts regarding coffee floral development, such as: i) a summary of genes possibly involved in the flowering pathways; ii) a new classification of buds by position in the node (B1 - B4) to avoid misunderstandings with the uneven developmental stages; iii) comparative ABC model to Arabidopsis and tomato to allow evolutionary discussions of whorls development in Coffea sp. From this, we expect to collaborate to drive future studies towards coffee breeding and production, for example, improving floral bud activation, controlling the flowering time, anthesis synchronization to produce more homogeneous ripening fruits, reducing abortion or early flower openings, and increasing fruitification. Moreover, we think that the explored relationship between physiological and molecular approaches during the coffee flowering may be extended to understand other tropical perennial species, especially those with asynchronous flowering behavior, and to understand evolutive aspects in Rubiaceae.
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spelling doaj-art-a06c9675f1ff4ba2bf273f114ae094082025-08-20T02:12:33ZengMaximum Academic PressBeverage Plant Research2769-21082021-03-011111610.48130/BPR-2021-0013BPR-2021-0013An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering processMarlon Enrique López0Iasminy Silva Santos1Raphael Ricon de Oliveira2André Almeida Lima3Carlos Henrique Cardon4Antonio Chalfun-Junior5Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras - Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900The transition of vegetative meristems to a reproductive state followed by floral development and flowering is a complex process regulated by many regulatory pathways that integrate (epi) genetic and environmental factors to guarantee the reproductive success in angiosperms. In woody and perennial species, such as coffee trees, the extended life cycle reflects adaptive strategies, i.e., two-year cycle, sequential flowering and bud latency during the winter, that ensure reproductive success in a variable environment. The dynamics of coffee flowering integrate multiple stimuli to induce morpho-physiological changes, especially during the reproductive phase. We discussed diverse stimuli which are directly and indirectly associated with molecular pathways related to the reproductive meristem transition and floral development until anthesis. Here, we propose to redefine some concepts regarding coffee floral development, such as: i) a summary of genes possibly involved in the flowering pathways; ii) a new classification of buds by position in the node (B1 - B4) to avoid misunderstandings with the uneven developmental stages; iii) comparative ABC model to Arabidopsis and tomato to allow evolutionary discussions of whorls development in Coffea sp. From this, we expect to collaborate to drive future studies towards coffee breeding and production, for example, improving floral bud activation, controlling the flowering time, anthesis synchronization to produce more homogeneous ripening fruits, reducing abortion or early flower openings, and increasing fruitification. Moreover, we think that the explored relationship between physiological and molecular approaches during the coffee flowering may be extended to understand other tropical perennial species, especially those with asynchronous flowering behavior, and to understand evolutive aspects in Rubiaceae.https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2021-0013floral developmentcoffea sp.flowering regulatory pathwaysphenological cycle regulationcrop breeding and production
spellingShingle Marlon Enrique López
Iasminy Silva Santos
Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
André Almeida Lima
Carlos Henrique Cardon
Antonio Chalfun-Junior
An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
Beverage Plant Research
floral development
coffea sp.
flowering regulatory pathways
phenological cycle regulation
crop breeding and production
title An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
title_full An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
title_fullStr An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
title_full_unstemmed An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
title_short An overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the Coffea arabica flowering process
title_sort overview of the endogenous and environmental factors related to the coffea arabica flowering process
topic floral development
coffea sp.
flowering regulatory pathways
phenological cycle regulation
crop breeding and production
url https://www.maxapress.com/article/doi/10.48130/BPR-2021-0013
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