Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications
Herein, we present in-depth investigations of the biological activities of a CaO/NiO nanocomposite synthesized via a sustainable eco-friendly approach, utilizing <i>Citrus limonium</i> fruit extract as a natural stabilizing and facilitating agent. The efficacy of the nanocomposite is com...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Ceramics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/8/2/46 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850156593473126400 |
|---|---|
| author | Saravanan Priyadharshini Muniappan Ayyanar Ravichandran Krishnasamy Manimaran Sundarraj Gabriela Sandoval-Hevia Arun Thirumurugan Natarajan Chidhambaram |
| author_facet | Saravanan Priyadharshini Muniappan Ayyanar Ravichandran Krishnasamy Manimaran Sundarraj Gabriela Sandoval-Hevia Arun Thirumurugan Natarajan Chidhambaram |
| author_sort | Saravanan Priyadharshini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, we present in-depth investigations of the biological activities of a CaO/NiO nanocomposite synthesized via a sustainable eco-friendly approach, utilizing <i>Citrus limonium</i> fruit extract as a natural stabilizing and facilitating agent. The efficacy of the nanocomposite is compared with those of individual CaO and NiO nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the cubic phase of CaO as well as NiO within a unified matrix, demonstrating a refined crystallite size of 48 nm, which is smaller than that of the individual nanoparticles. FTIR study substantiates the occurrence of strong Ca-O-Ni-O bonds, along with CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, C–H, and CH<sub>2</sub> bonds. The CaO, NiO, and CaO/NiO samples exhibit bandgap values of 1.70, 3.46, and 3.44 eV, respectively. Surface morphology analysis reveals that CaO/NiO holds a well-defined heterostructure with porous morphology. An XPS study confirms that Ca and Ni elements exist in the 2+ oxidation state in the CaO/NiO. The nanocomposite exhibits superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 24.3 mm against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and 20.6 mm against <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, and MIC values of 23.4 and 46.8 µg/mL, respectively. It also demonstrates strong antioxidant potential, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 96.8 ± 0.4 µg/mL (DPPH) and 91.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL (superoxide anion). Furthermore, it shows the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> for α-amylase (98.6 ± 0.7 µg/mL) and strong α-glucosidase inhibition (81.96 ± 0.5 µg/mL). Consequently, this insightful study reveals how biogenic synthesis helps develop high-performance multifunctional CaO/NiO nanocomposites for biomedical applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a05a07f9266c4ee98d8b159cd57f32f6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2571-6131 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj-art-a05a07f9266c4ee98d8b159cd57f32f62025-08-20T02:24:29ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312025-04-01824610.3390/ceramics8020046Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic ApplicationsSaravanan Priyadharshini0Muniappan Ayyanar1Ravichandran Krishnasamy2Manimaran Sundarraj3Gabriela Sandoval-Hevia4Arun Thirumurugan5Natarajan Chidhambaram6Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPG & Research Department of Botany, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Poondi, Thanjavur 613503, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPG and Research Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Perambalur 621220, Tamil Nadu, IndiaPG and Research Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Perambalur 621220, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa 7800003, ChileSede Vallenar, Universidad de Atacama, Costanera #105, Vallenar 1612178, ChileDepartment of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur 613005, Tamil Nadu, IndiaHerein, we present in-depth investigations of the biological activities of a CaO/NiO nanocomposite synthesized via a sustainable eco-friendly approach, utilizing <i>Citrus limonium</i> fruit extract as a natural stabilizing and facilitating agent. The efficacy of the nanocomposite is compared with those of individual CaO and NiO nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the cubic phase of CaO as well as NiO within a unified matrix, demonstrating a refined crystallite size of 48 nm, which is smaller than that of the individual nanoparticles. FTIR study substantiates the occurrence of strong Ca-O-Ni-O bonds, along with CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, C–H, and CH<sub>2</sub> bonds. The CaO, NiO, and CaO/NiO samples exhibit bandgap values of 1.70, 3.46, and 3.44 eV, respectively. Surface morphology analysis reveals that CaO/NiO holds a well-defined heterostructure with porous morphology. An XPS study confirms that Ca and Ni elements exist in the 2+ oxidation state in the CaO/NiO. The nanocomposite exhibits superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 24.3 mm against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and 20.6 mm against <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, and MIC values of 23.4 and 46.8 µg/mL, respectively. It also demonstrates strong antioxidant potential, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 96.8 ± 0.4 µg/mL (DPPH) and 91.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL (superoxide anion). Furthermore, it shows the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> for α-amylase (98.6 ± 0.7 µg/mL) and strong α-glucosidase inhibition (81.96 ± 0.5 µg/mL). Consequently, this insightful study reveals how biogenic synthesis helps develop high-performance multifunctional CaO/NiO nanocomposites for biomedical applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/8/2/46CaO/NiOantimicrobialoxidative stressantioxidantantidiabetic |
| spellingShingle | Saravanan Priyadharshini Muniappan Ayyanar Ravichandran Krishnasamy Manimaran Sundarraj Gabriela Sandoval-Hevia Arun Thirumurugan Natarajan Chidhambaram Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications Ceramics CaO/NiO antimicrobial oxidative stress antioxidant antidiabetic |
| title | Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications |
| title_full | Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications |
| title_short | Sustainable Biogenic Synthesis of High-Performance CaO/NiO Nanocomposite for Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Applications |
| title_sort | sustainable biogenic synthesis of high performance cao nio nanocomposite for antimicrobial antioxidant and antidiabetic applications |
| topic | CaO/NiO antimicrobial oxidative stress antioxidant antidiabetic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/8/2/46 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saravananpriyadharshini sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT muniappanayyanar sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT ravichandrankrishnasamy sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT manimaransundarraj sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT gabrielasandovalhevia sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT arunthirumurugan sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications AT natarajanchidhambaram sustainablebiogenicsynthesisofhighperformancecaonionanocompositeforantimicrobialantioxidantandantidiabeticapplications |