Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases

In some cases, higher IgG4 levels are accompanied by increased circulating IgE, higher eosinophil counts, and various autoantibodies. Among these cases, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions. This study reported two particularly complex and rare cases of h...

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Main Authors: Huang Meichun, Wang Limin, Li Xiuxiu, Lu Ying
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-07-01
Series:Open Life Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1138
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author Huang Meichun
Wang Limin
Li Xiuxiu
Lu Ying
author_facet Huang Meichun
Wang Limin
Li Xiuxiu
Lu Ying
author_sort Huang Meichun
collection DOAJ
description In some cases, higher IgG4 levels are accompanied by increased circulating IgE, higher eosinophil counts, and various autoantibodies. Among these cases, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions. This study reported two particularly complex and rare cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) associated with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality. The first case involved T-cell clonality complicated by HES and IgG4-RD, presenting with clinical features resembling eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Laboratory findings showed a serum IgG4 concentration of 8.74 g/L, an IgG4/IgG ratio of 40.58%, and positive results for P-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA. Renal biopsy findings were consistent with IgG4-related interstitial nephritis. However, routine hematological testing revealed a markedly elevated eosinophil count of 14.75 × 109/L and eosinophilic infiltration in both lymph nodes and kidney tissue. Furthermore, monoclonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor gamma and delta genes were identified. The second patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality, with an elevated IgG4 concentration of 2.458 g/L and an eosinophil count of 14.75 × 109/L. In conclusion, in cases presenting with elevated IgG4 levels and hypereosinophilia, further pathological and genetic evaluations may be essential to guide appropriate and timely treatment, improving patient prognosis.
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spelling doaj-art-a059d840155746d1a6ee1ed6bb6e0d1d2025-08-20T02:48:55ZengDe GruyterOpen Life Sciences2391-54122025-07-0120112720842210.1515/biol-2025-1138Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two casesHuang Meichun0Wang Limin1Li Xiuxiu2Lu Ying3Renal Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, ChinaRenal Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, ChinaRenal Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, ChinaRenal Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, ChinaIn some cases, higher IgG4 levels are accompanied by increased circulating IgE, higher eosinophil counts, and various autoantibodies. Among these cases, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions. This study reported two particularly complex and rare cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) associated with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality. The first case involved T-cell clonality complicated by HES and IgG4-RD, presenting with clinical features resembling eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Laboratory findings showed a serum IgG4 concentration of 8.74 g/L, an IgG4/IgG ratio of 40.58%, and positive results for P-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and myeloperoxidase-ANCA. Renal biopsy findings were consistent with IgG4-related interstitial nephritis. However, routine hematological testing revealed a markedly elevated eosinophil count of 14.75 × 109/L and eosinophilic infiltration in both lymph nodes and kidney tissue. Furthermore, monoclonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor gamma and delta genes were identified. The second patient was ultimately diagnosed with HES with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality, with an elevated IgG4 concentration of 2.458 g/L and an eosinophil count of 14.75 × 109/L. In conclusion, in cases presenting with elevated IgG4 levels and hypereosinophilia, further pathological and genetic evaluations may be essential to guide appropriate and timely treatment, improving patient prognosis.https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1138lymphocyte variant hypereosinophilic syndromeigg4igg4-related diseaseshypereosinophiliaacute kidney injury
spellingShingle Huang Meichun
Wang Limin
Li Xiuxiu
Lu Ying
Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
Open Life Sciences
lymphocyte variant hypereosinophilic syndrome
igg4
igg4-related diseases
hypereosinophilia
acute kidney injury
title Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
title_full Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
title_fullStr Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
title_full_unstemmed Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
title_short Hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated IgG4 and T-cell clonality: A report of two cases
title_sort hypereosinophilic syndrome with elevated igg4 and t cell clonality a report of two cases
topic lymphocyte variant hypereosinophilic syndrome
igg4
igg4-related diseases
hypereosinophilia
acute kidney injury
url https://doi.org/10.1515/biol-2025-1138
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AT lixiuxiu hypereosinophilicsyndromewithelevatedigg4andtcellclonalityareportoftwocases
AT luying hypereosinophilicsyndromewithelevatedigg4andtcellclonalityareportoftwocases