Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa.
<h4>Background</h4>Serious invasive infections in newborns are a major cause of death. Lack of data on etiological causes hampers progress towards reduction of mortality. This study aimed to identify pathogens responsible for such infections in young infants in sub-Saharan Africa and to...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264322&type=printable |
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| author | Estomih Mduma Tinto Halidou Berenger Kaboré Thomas Walongo Palpouguini Lompo Justine Museveni Joshua Gidabayda Jean Gratz Godfrey Guga Caroline Kimathi Jie Liu Paschal Mdoe Robert Moshiro Max Petzold Jan Singlovic Martine Guillerm Melba F Gomes Eric R Houpt Christine M Halleux |
| author_facet | Estomih Mduma Tinto Halidou Berenger Kaboré Thomas Walongo Palpouguini Lompo Justine Museveni Joshua Gidabayda Jean Gratz Godfrey Guga Caroline Kimathi Jie Liu Paschal Mdoe Robert Moshiro Max Petzold Jan Singlovic Martine Guillerm Melba F Gomes Eric R Houpt Christine M Halleux |
| author_sort | Estomih Mduma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Serious invasive infections in newborns are a major cause of death. Lack of data on etiological causes hampers progress towards reduction of mortality. This study aimed to identify pathogens responsible for such infections in young infants in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe their antibiotics resistance profile.<h4>Methods</h4>Between September 2016 and April 2018 we implemented an observational study in two rural sites in Burkina Faso and Tanzania enrolling young infants aged 0-59 days old with serious invasive infection. Blood samples underwent blood culture and molecular biology.<h4>Results</h4>In total 634 infants with clinical diagnosis of serious invasive infection were enrolled and 4.2% of the infants had a positive blood culture. The most frequent pathogens identified by blood culture were Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. Gram-negative isolates were only partially susceptible to first line WHO recommended treatment for neonatal sepsis at community level. A total of 18.6% of the infants were PCR positive for at least one pathogen and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacteria detected. Among infants enrolled, 60/634 (9.5%) died. Positive blood culture but not positive PCR was associated with risk of death. For most deaths, no pathogen was identified either by blood culture or molecular testing, and hence a causal agent remained unclear. Mortality was associated with low body temperature, tachycardia, respiratory symptoms, convulsions, history of difficult feeding, movement only when stimulated or reduced level of consciousness, diarrhea and/or vomiting.<h4>Conclusion</h4>While Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Escherichia coli were pathogens most frequently identified in infants with clinical suspicion of serious invasive infections, most cases remain without definite diagnosis, making more accurate diagnostic tools urgently needed. Antibiotics resistance to first line antibiotics is an increasing challenge even in rural Africa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0469669d6074e78b0d53248dfbf5cea |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a0469669d6074e78b0d53248dfbf5cea2025-08-20T02:33:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01172e026432210.1371/journal.pone.0264322Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa.Estomih MdumaTinto HalidouBerenger KaboréThomas WalongoPalpouguini LompoJustine MuseveniJoshua GidabaydaJean GratzGodfrey GugaCaroline KimathiJie LiuPaschal MdoeRobert MoshiroMax PetzoldJan SinglovicMartine GuillermMelba F GomesEric R HouptChristine M Halleux<h4>Background</h4>Serious invasive infections in newborns are a major cause of death. Lack of data on etiological causes hampers progress towards reduction of mortality. This study aimed to identify pathogens responsible for such infections in young infants in sub-Saharan Africa and to describe their antibiotics resistance profile.<h4>Methods</h4>Between September 2016 and April 2018 we implemented an observational study in two rural sites in Burkina Faso and Tanzania enrolling young infants aged 0-59 days old with serious invasive infection. Blood samples underwent blood culture and molecular biology.<h4>Results</h4>In total 634 infants with clinical diagnosis of serious invasive infection were enrolled and 4.2% of the infants had a positive blood culture. The most frequent pathogens identified by blood culture were Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. Gram-negative isolates were only partially susceptible to first line WHO recommended treatment for neonatal sepsis at community level. A total of 18.6% of the infants were PCR positive for at least one pathogen and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common bacteria detected. Among infants enrolled, 60/634 (9.5%) died. Positive blood culture but not positive PCR was associated with risk of death. For most deaths, no pathogen was identified either by blood culture or molecular testing, and hence a causal agent remained unclear. Mortality was associated with low body temperature, tachycardia, respiratory symptoms, convulsions, history of difficult feeding, movement only when stimulated or reduced level of consciousness, diarrhea and/or vomiting.<h4>Conclusion</h4>While Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Escherichia coli were pathogens most frequently identified in infants with clinical suspicion of serious invasive infections, most cases remain without definite diagnosis, making more accurate diagnostic tools urgently needed. Antibiotics resistance to first line antibiotics is an increasing challenge even in rural Africa.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264322&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Estomih Mduma Tinto Halidou Berenger Kaboré Thomas Walongo Palpouguini Lompo Justine Museveni Joshua Gidabayda Jean Gratz Godfrey Guga Caroline Kimathi Jie Liu Paschal Mdoe Robert Moshiro Max Petzold Jan Singlovic Martine Guillerm Melba F Gomes Eric R Houpt Christine M Halleux Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE |
| title | Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| title_full | Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| title_fullStr | Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| title_short | Etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| title_sort | etiology of severe invasive infections in young infants in rural settings in sub saharan africa |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0264322&type=printable |
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