Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol
This work optimizes the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) to increase its efficiency and strengthen its validity in portable power generation. Specifically, this work focuses on optimizing vapor-feed supply techniques and incorporating water management layers (WMLs) to analyze thei...
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Elsevier
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002241 |
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| author | Ryan Spragg Xianglin Li |
| author_facet | Ryan Spragg Xianglin Li |
| author_sort | Ryan Spragg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work optimizes the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) to increase its efficiency and strengthen its validity in portable power generation. Specifically, this work focuses on optimizing vapor-feed supply techniques and incorporating water management layers (WMLs) to analyze their effect on methanol crossover. The significance of the vapor-feed supply technique is to enhance the reaction kinetics of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and enable the use of pure methanol (MeOH) as a fuel. Pure methanol is the ideal fuel for the DMFC as it has the highest possible energy density compared to dilute concentrations. However, use of pure methanol is hindered by methanol crossover, which is regarded as the largest technical barrier to commercializing DMFCs. This study measured methanol crossover through a CO2 sensor attached to the cathode outlet and added hydrophobic WMLs to the cathode to alleviate the methanol crossover. The hydrophobic WMLs increased the mass transfer resistance to generate a pressure gradient that encourages water backflow for use in both the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anode reactions. The influence of vapor flow rate and fuel concentration will also be explored to show their impact on performance and methanol crossover. Likewise, long-term consumption and durability tests were conducted with and without a WML to dictate the WML’s superior fuel efficiency, total efficiency, energy density, and reduced methanol crossover using pure methanol. The addition of the WML increased the energy density of the vapor feed DMFC, using pure methanol, from 705.9 Wh kgMeOH-1 to 867.7 Wh kgMeOH-1 and lowered the crossover current density by 14.8 % when discharged at a constant 200 mA cm−2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a043b1d4d32a49fda7a1215fae2710fa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
| spelling | doaj-art-a043b1d4d32a49fda7a1215fae2710fa2024-12-18T08:51:30ZengElsevierEnergy Conversion and Management: X2590-17452024-10-0124100746Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanolRyan Spragg0Xianglin Li1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Corresponding author.This work optimizes the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) to increase its efficiency and strengthen its validity in portable power generation. Specifically, this work focuses on optimizing vapor-feed supply techniques and incorporating water management layers (WMLs) to analyze their effect on methanol crossover. The significance of the vapor-feed supply technique is to enhance the reaction kinetics of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and enable the use of pure methanol (MeOH) as a fuel. Pure methanol is the ideal fuel for the DMFC as it has the highest possible energy density compared to dilute concentrations. However, use of pure methanol is hindered by methanol crossover, which is regarded as the largest technical barrier to commercializing DMFCs. This study measured methanol crossover through a CO2 sensor attached to the cathode outlet and added hydrophobic WMLs to the cathode to alleviate the methanol crossover. The hydrophobic WMLs increased the mass transfer resistance to generate a pressure gradient that encourages water backflow for use in both the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and anode reactions. The influence of vapor flow rate and fuel concentration will also be explored to show their impact on performance and methanol crossover. Likewise, long-term consumption and durability tests were conducted with and without a WML to dictate the WML’s superior fuel efficiency, total efficiency, energy density, and reduced methanol crossover using pure methanol. The addition of the WML increased the energy density of the vapor feed DMFC, using pure methanol, from 705.9 Wh kgMeOH-1 to 867.7 Wh kgMeOH-1 and lowered the crossover current density by 14.8 % when discharged at a constant 200 mA cm−2.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002241DMFCPure methanolWater managementMethanol crossoverEnergy densityLiquid-vapor two-phase flow |
| spellingShingle | Ryan Spragg Xianglin Li Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol Energy Conversion and Management: X DMFC Pure methanol Water management Methanol crossover Energy density Liquid-vapor two-phase flow |
| title | Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| title_full | Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| title_fullStr | Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| title_short | Vapor-feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| title_sort | vapor feed direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol |
| topic | DMFC Pure methanol Water management Methanol crossover Energy density Liquid-vapor two-phase flow |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174524002241 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ryanspragg vaporfeeddirectmethanolfuelcellsusingpuremethanol AT xianglinli vaporfeeddirectmethanolfuelcellsusingpuremethanol |