The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions

The ageing global population presents growing challenges for prehospital trauma care, particularly in addressing the complex needs of older adults. This narrative review explores the impacts of ageing-related anatomical and physiological changes on trauma care in the prehospital setting, with a focu...

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Main Authors: Naif Harthi, Steve Goodacre, Fiona C. Sampson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1588927/full
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author Naif Harthi
Naif Harthi
Steve Goodacre
Fiona C. Sampson
author_facet Naif Harthi
Naif Harthi
Steve Goodacre
Fiona C. Sampson
author_sort Naif Harthi
collection DOAJ
description The ageing global population presents growing challenges for prehospital trauma care, particularly in addressing the complex needs of older adults. This narrative review explores the impacts of ageing-related anatomical and physiological changes on trauma care in the prehospital setting, with a focus on the challenges they pose for paramedic assessment, triage, and decision-making. These changes affecting the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and renal systems that reduce physiological resilience and increase vulnerability to trauma, especially when compounded by frailty, polypharmacy, and comorbidities. The review highlights significant limitations in current trauma triage tools, which often lack sensitivity for identifying serious injuries in older adults and fail to incorporate frailty assessments. Although some protocols, such as the Ohio Trauma Triage Protocol, include geriatric adaptations, traditional tools continue to underperform, contributing to undertriage and suboptimal outcomes. Validated frailty assessment tools, including the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Programme on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA-7), and Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR), offer promising potential for improving triage accuracy but are not yet routinely used in prehospital practice. Key gaps identified include insufficient paramedic education on ageing-related conditions, limited awareness of age-specific clinical presentations, and a lack of training in applying geriatric assessment tools. To address these issues, the review recommends integrating frailty screening into EMS triage, enhancing geriatric-specific training, and raising paramedic awareness of the physiological and clinical implications of ageing. Future research should investigate paramedics’ behaviours, decision-making processes, and the feasibility of implementing frailty-based triage in the field. These strategies are essential to advancing prehospital trauma care and improving outcomes for the growing population of older trauma patients.
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spelling doaj-art-a04344edbaa04f29b7312d12091f713e2025-08-20T02:39:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-06-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15889271588927The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directionsNaif Harthi0Naif Harthi1Steve Goodacre2Fiona C. Sampson3Emergency Medical Services Programme, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaHealth Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaSheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomSheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United KingdomThe ageing global population presents growing challenges for prehospital trauma care, particularly in addressing the complex needs of older adults. This narrative review explores the impacts of ageing-related anatomical and physiological changes on trauma care in the prehospital setting, with a focus on the challenges they pose for paramedic assessment, triage, and decision-making. These changes affecting the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and renal systems that reduce physiological resilience and increase vulnerability to trauma, especially when compounded by frailty, polypharmacy, and comorbidities. The review highlights significant limitations in current trauma triage tools, which often lack sensitivity for identifying serious injuries in older adults and fail to incorporate frailty assessments. Although some protocols, such as the Ohio Trauma Triage Protocol, include geriatric adaptations, traditional tools continue to underperform, contributing to undertriage and suboptimal outcomes. Validated frailty assessment tools, including the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Programme on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA-7), and Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR), offer promising potential for improving triage accuracy but are not yet routinely used in prehospital practice. Key gaps identified include insufficient paramedic education on ageing-related conditions, limited awareness of age-specific clinical presentations, and a lack of training in applying geriatric assessment tools. To address these issues, the review recommends integrating frailty screening into EMS triage, enhancing geriatric-specific training, and raising paramedic awareness of the physiological and clinical implications of ageing. Future research should investigate paramedics’ behaviours, decision-making processes, and the feasibility of implementing frailty-based triage in the field. These strategies are essential to advancing prehospital trauma care and improving outcomes for the growing population of older trauma patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1588927/fullageing changesageing impactstraumaprehospital careolder people
spellingShingle Naif Harthi
Naif Harthi
Steve Goodacre
Fiona C. Sampson
The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
Frontiers in Medicine
ageing changes
ageing impacts
trauma
prehospital care
older people
title The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
title_full The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
title_fullStr The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
title_full_unstemmed The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
title_short The impacts of ageing-related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults: challenges and future directions
title_sort impacts of ageing related changes on prehospital trauma care for older adults challenges and future directions
topic ageing changes
ageing impacts
trauma
prehospital care
older people
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1588927/full
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