Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method

To achieve efficient preparation of microfine tool electrodes with a large aspect ratio, a bipolar pulse vertical liquid membrane electrochemical etching technique was proposed. The difference in current density distribution on the surface of tungsten rods under single-ended and double-ended vertica...

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Main Authors: Xiujuan Wu, Li Wang, Weijing Kong, Tao Yang, Yusen Hang, Yongbin Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/6/636
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author Xiujuan Wu
Li Wang
Weijing Kong
Tao Yang
Yusen Hang
Yongbin Zeng
author_facet Xiujuan Wu
Li Wang
Weijing Kong
Tao Yang
Yusen Hang
Yongbin Zeng
author_sort Xiujuan Wu
collection DOAJ
description To achieve efficient preparation of microfine tool electrodes with a large aspect ratio, a bipolar pulse vertical liquid membrane electrochemical etching technique was proposed. The difference in current density distribution on the surface of tungsten rods under single-ended and double-ended vertical liquid membrane methods was analyzed using COMSOL software. The effects of negative voltage and pulse width on the distribution of electrolytic products and electrode preparation were investigated. It was found that when a large number of hydrogen bubbles were generated on the surface of the electrode, the electrode lost the protection of the diffusion layer, and the length was drastically shortened. When the pulse width was large, the electrode surface was covered with a coating layer of insoluble electrolysis product, and the shortening of electrode length was suppressed. Subsequently, the effects of forward voltage and bias on electrode preparation were investigated for large pulse widths. The optimal parameters are as follows: electrolyte concentration of 0.5 M, forward voltage of 4 V, negative voltage of −2 V, pulse period of 50 microseconds, and pulse width of 40 microseconds. Finally, the tool electrode with an average diameter of about 23.8 μm and an aspect ratio of 91.2 was prepared.
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series Micromachines
spelling doaj-art-a03816787ebe486a8709b108d2f2c16f2025-08-20T03:29:49ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-05-0116663610.3390/mi16060636Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane MethodXiujuan Wu0Li Wang1Weijing Kong2Tao Yang3Yusen Hang4Yongbin Zeng5College of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, ChinaTo achieve efficient preparation of microfine tool electrodes with a large aspect ratio, a bipolar pulse vertical liquid membrane electrochemical etching technique was proposed. The difference in current density distribution on the surface of tungsten rods under single-ended and double-ended vertical liquid membrane methods was analyzed using COMSOL software. The effects of negative voltage and pulse width on the distribution of electrolytic products and electrode preparation were investigated. It was found that when a large number of hydrogen bubbles were generated on the surface of the electrode, the electrode lost the protection of the diffusion layer, and the length was drastically shortened. When the pulse width was large, the electrode surface was covered with a coating layer of insoluble electrolysis product, and the shortening of electrode length was suppressed. Subsequently, the effects of forward voltage and bias on electrode preparation were investigated for large pulse widths. The optimal parameters are as follows: electrolyte concentration of 0.5 M, forward voltage of 4 V, negative voltage of −2 V, pulse period of 50 microseconds, and pulse width of 40 microseconds. Finally, the tool electrode with an average diameter of about 23.8 μm and an aspect ratio of 91.2 was prepared.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/6/636bipolar pulsevertical liquid membraneinsoluble electrolytic productsmicro tool electrode
spellingShingle Xiujuan Wu
Li Wang
Weijing Kong
Tao Yang
Yusen Hang
Yongbin Zeng
Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
Micromachines
bipolar pulse
vertical liquid membrane
insoluble electrolytic products
micro tool electrode
title Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
title_full Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
title_fullStr Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
title_full_unstemmed Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
title_short Fabrication of Large-Aspect-Ratio Micro Tool Electrodes by Bipolar Pulsed Vertical Liquid Membrane Method
title_sort fabrication of large aspect ratio micro tool electrodes by bipolar pulsed vertical liquid membrane method
topic bipolar pulse
vertical liquid membrane
insoluble electrolytic products
micro tool electrode
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/6/636
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