Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems

The precoder obtained using the traditional singular value decomposition (SVD) method for legitimate user’s channel, while achieving the highest spectral efficiency for the legitimate user, cannot defend against eavesdropping attacks, thus posing a security vulnerability. This paper investigates the...

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Main Authors: Boqing Chen, Lijun Yang, Meng Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4064
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author Boqing Chen
Lijun Yang
Meng Wu
author_facet Boqing Chen
Lijun Yang
Meng Wu
author_sort Boqing Chen
collection DOAJ
description The precoder obtained using the traditional singular value decomposition (SVD) method for legitimate user’s channel, while achieving the highest spectral efficiency for the legitimate user, cannot defend against eavesdropping attacks, thus posing a security vulnerability. This paper investigates the millimeter wave (mmWave) secure beam hybrid precoding technology and proposes a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD)-based secure beam hybrid precoding algorithm, termed GSVD-Sparsity, leveraging the sparsity of the mmWave beamspace channel. The algorithm selects the most powerful paths from the legitimate user’s beamspace channel representation and utilizes their corresponding angle information to construct a radio frequency (RF) precoder. It then constructs a hybrid precoder that closely approximates the optimal digital precoder derived from the GSVD-based scheme in a fully digital system. The simulation results indicate that, compared to the SVD-based scheme that focuses on spectral efficiency, the GSVD-based precoding scheme can form secure beams in a fully digital system. Under the condition that the legitimate user experiences a certain loss in the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the eavesdropper is unable to correctly reconstruct the original constellation diagram, ensuring the scheme has strong anti-eavesdropping capabilities. In a hybrid precoding system, the low-complexity GSVD-Sparsity algorithm can achieve a spectral efficiency close to that of the GSVD-based scheme in a fully digital system while maintaining anti-eavesdropping capabilities.
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spelling doaj-art-a03694db64b54ee1bdcd89bcfc058d9d2025-08-20T03:08:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01157406410.3390/app15074064Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output SystemsBoqing Chen0Lijun Yang1Meng Wu2School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, ChinaSchool of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, ChinaSchool of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, ChinaThe precoder obtained using the traditional singular value decomposition (SVD) method for legitimate user’s channel, while achieving the highest spectral efficiency for the legitimate user, cannot defend against eavesdropping attacks, thus posing a security vulnerability. This paper investigates the millimeter wave (mmWave) secure beam hybrid precoding technology and proposes a generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD)-based secure beam hybrid precoding algorithm, termed GSVD-Sparsity, leveraging the sparsity of the mmWave beamspace channel. The algorithm selects the most powerful paths from the legitimate user’s beamspace channel representation and utilizes their corresponding angle information to construct a radio frequency (RF) precoder. It then constructs a hybrid precoder that closely approximates the optimal digital precoder derived from the GSVD-based scheme in a fully digital system. The simulation results indicate that, compared to the SVD-based scheme that focuses on spectral efficiency, the GSVD-based precoding scheme can form secure beams in a fully digital system. Under the condition that the legitimate user experiences a certain loss in the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the eavesdropper is unable to correctly reconstruct the original constellation diagram, ensuring the scheme has strong anti-eavesdropping capabilities. In a hybrid precoding system, the low-complexity GSVD-Sparsity algorithm can achieve a spectral efficiency close to that of the GSVD-based scheme in a fully digital system while maintaining anti-eavesdropping capabilities.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4064hybrid precodingsecure beambeamspace channelsparsityGSVD
spellingShingle Boqing Chen
Lijun Yang
Meng Wu
Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
Applied Sciences
hybrid precoding
secure beam
beamspace channel
sparsity
GSVD
title Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
title_full Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
title_fullStr Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
title_full_unstemmed Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
title_short Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-Based Secure Beam Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems
title_sort generalized singular value decomposition based secure beam hybrid precoding for millimeter wave massive multiple input multiple output systems
topic hybrid precoding
secure beam
beamspace channel
sparsity
GSVD
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4064
work_keys_str_mv AT boqingchen generalizedsingularvaluedecompositionbasedsecurebeamhybridprecodingformillimeterwavemassivemultipleinputmultipleoutputsystems
AT lijunyang generalizedsingularvaluedecompositionbasedsecurebeamhybridprecodingformillimeterwavemassivemultipleinputmultipleoutputsystems
AT mengwu generalizedsingularvaluedecompositionbasedsecurebeamhybridprecodingformillimeterwavemassivemultipleinputmultipleoutputsystems