General review of water harvesting in arid and semi-arid areas
Arid and semi-arid areas are characterized by low annual precipitation rates which areinsufficient for plant growth, with precipitation depths in Western Desert in Iraqranging from 50 to 150 mm. The increasing pressures caused by climate change, watershortages and poor quality have led to a scientif...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kirkuk University
2022-09-01
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| Series: | مجلة جامعة كركوك للعلوم الزراعية |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://kujas.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_177556_33d484afe524c83e8aafa15d8439fb07.pdf |
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| Summary: | Arid and semi-arid areas are characterized by low annual precipitation rates which areinsufficient for plant growth, with precipitation depths in Western Desert in Iraqranging from 50 to 150 mm. The increasing pressures caused by climate change, watershortages and poor quality have led to a scientific renaissance and innovative ideas forwater storage, including the development of water harvesting methods and systems,which are the collection of rainwater from a surface and directing it in appropriate waysto assemble it in a suitable place from which to be taken directly or collected and storedfor use at later times, for various purposes, the most important of which is irrigation,domestic needs and feeding underground water basins.Water harvesting systems contribute to improving the vegetation of degraded soils,contributing to combating desertification, settling communities in those areas andimproving their living and environmental level. One fact to consider in the area of waterharvesting is that in marginal areas with rainfall rates of less than 250 mm per year,production can only be continued and an acceptable level of productivity is guaranteedunder a irrigation system complementary to water needs so that this amount of wateris provided through water harvesting and a minimum rainfall of 100 mm in winter, or150 mm in summer, has been adopted for water harvesting and supplementaryirrigation projects. According to certain considerations. The most importantcomponent of the water harvesting system is the catchment area, storage facility andcultivated area. . The most important factors to consider when harvesting water are thedistribution of rainfall, intensity of rainfall, properties of the runoff, water storagecapacity in the soil, reservoirs, agricultural crops, available techniques and socioeconomicconditions. There are factors that mainly affect water storage quantities, themost important of which are soil surface characteristics, soil type and precipitationcharacteristics. The means of harvesting water are divided into two parts: microcatchmentsystems, macro-catchment systems. |
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| ISSN: | 2221-0482 2958-6585 |