Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models

Beef cattle production is largely dependent on rangelands for cattle to convert unusable plant-based fibers into an animal-based protein source for human consumption. Solutions are needed to meet both the growing demand for animal-based proteins and the desire of managers to produce energy-efficient...

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Main Authors: Logan Riley Vandermark, Jameson R. Brennan, Krista Ann Ehlert, Hector M. Menendez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620584/full
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author Logan Riley Vandermark
Jameson R. Brennan
Krista Ann Ehlert
Hector M. Menendez
author_facet Logan Riley Vandermark
Jameson R. Brennan
Krista Ann Ehlert
Hector M. Menendez
author_sort Logan Riley Vandermark
collection DOAJ
description Beef cattle production is largely dependent on rangelands for cattle to convert unusable plant-based fibers into an animal-based protein source for human consumption. Solutions are needed to meet both the growing demand for animal-based proteins and the desire of managers to produce energy-efficient cattle. Animal energetics has largely focused on beef cattle within confined systems such as feedlots. However, beef cattle grazing in extensive rangelands likely have a higher energetic requirement due to the need to forage across heterogeneous landscapes. In this study, we created a precision system model to account for net energy for activity of beef cattle on extensive rangeland systems by integrating in-pasture weighing technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and animal nutrition models. The results from the mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) for net energy for maintenance activity (Nemr_act) indicated a significant main effect of treatment (P < 0.0001) and stocking rate (P < 0.0001), but there was no significant interaction (P = 0.705). These results indicate that, although the overall energetic expenditure may be similar, individual pasture effects may impact the proportional cost of physical activity partitioned between Resting, Flat, and Ascending energetic expenditures, as animals utilize diverse landscapes. Cattle grazing on extensive rangelands within the intermountain west with greater variations in both topography and slope will likely impact energetics to a greater extent. As the rates of precision technology and virtual fencing are adopted, the applications of the algorithm developed in this study may be used to quantify these differences at larger landscape scales across western rangelands.
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spelling doaj-art-a02f6101ddfa47fea165f14fe491e6192025-08-20T02:50:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16205841620584Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition modelsLogan Riley Vandermark0Jameson R. Brennan1Krista Ann Ehlert2Hector M. Menendez3Department of Animal Science, West River Research and Extension Center, South Dakota State University, Rapid, SD, United StatesDepartment of Animal Science, West River Research and Extension Center, South Dakota State University, Rapid, SD, United StatesDepartment of Natural Resource Management, West River Research and Extension Center, South Dakota State University, Rapid, SD, United StatesDepartment of Animal Science, West River Research and Extension Center, South Dakota State University, Rapid, SD, United StatesBeef cattle production is largely dependent on rangelands for cattle to convert unusable plant-based fibers into an animal-based protein source for human consumption. Solutions are needed to meet both the growing demand for animal-based proteins and the desire of managers to produce energy-efficient cattle. Animal energetics has largely focused on beef cattle within confined systems such as feedlots. However, beef cattle grazing in extensive rangelands likely have a higher energetic requirement due to the need to forage across heterogeneous landscapes. In this study, we created a precision system model to account for net energy for activity of beef cattle on extensive rangeland systems by integrating in-pasture weighing technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and animal nutrition models. The results from the mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) for net energy for maintenance activity (Nemr_act) indicated a significant main effect of treatment (P < 0.0001) and stocking rate (P < 0.0001), but there was no significant interaction (P = 0.705). These results indicate that, although the overall energetic expenditure may be similar, individual pasture effects may impact the proportional cost of physical activity partitioned between Resting, Flat, and Ascending energetic expenditures, as animals utilize diverse landscapes. Cattle grazing on extensive rangelands within the intermountain west with greater variations in both topography and slope will likely impact energetics to a greater extent. As the rates of precision technology and virtual fencing are adopted, the applications of the algorithm developed in this study may be used to quantify these differences at larger landscape scales across western rangelands.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620584/fullprecision livestockanimal nutritiondata integrationmodelingrangelands
spellingShingle Logan Riley Vandermark
Jameson R. Brennan
Krista Ann Ehlert
Hector M. Menendez
Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
precision livestock
animal nutrition
data integration
modeling
rangelands
title Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
title_full Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
title_fullStr Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
title_full_unstemmed Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
title_short Estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating GPS tracking data, in-pasture weighing technology, and animal nutrition models
title_sort estimating net energy for activity for grazing beef cattle by integrating gps tracking data in pasture weighing technology and animal nutrition models
topic precision livestock
animal nutrition
data integration
modeling
rangelands
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620584/full
work_keys_str_mv AT loganrileyvandermark estimatingnetenergyforactivityforgrazingbeefcattlebyintegratinggpstrackingdatainpastureweighingtechnologyandanimalnutritionmodels
AT jamesonrbrennan estimatingnetenergyforactivityforgrazingbeefcattlebyintegratinggpstrackingdatainpastureweighingtechnologyandanimalnutritionmodels
AT kristaannehlert estimatingnetenergyforactivityforgrazingbeefcattlebyintegratinggpstrackingdatainpastureweighingtechnologyandanimalnutritionmodels
AT hectormmenendez estimatingnetenergyforactivityforgrazingbeefcattlebyintegratinggpstrackingdatainpastureweighingtechnologyandanimalnutritionmodels