Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates

Abstract Altered visual perception has been observed across all phases of psychotic illness, suggesting that perceptual measures might be useful in identifying people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). In a preliminary study, we found that CHR participants reported perceiving more faces in b...

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Main Authors: Tanya Tran, Brian P. Keane, Judy L. Thompson, Ben Robinson, Joshua Kenney, Trevor F. Williams, James A. Waltz, Jason A. Levin, Eren Kafadar, James M. Gold, Jason Schiffman, Lauren M. Ellman, Elaine F. Walker, Gregory P. Strauss, Vijay A. Mittal, Richard E. Zinbarg, Philip R. Corlett, Albert R. Powers, Scott W. Woods, Steven M. Silverstein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Schizophrenia
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00624-y
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author Tanya Tran
Brian P. Keane
Judy L. Thompson
Ben Robinson
Joshua Kenney
Trevor F. Williams
James A. Waltz
Jason A. Levin
Eren Kafadar
James M. Gold
Jason Schiffman
Lauren M. Ellman
Elaine F. Walker
Gregory P. Strauss
Vijay A. Mittal
Richard E. Zinbarg
Philip R. Corlett
Albert R. Powers
Scott W. Woods
Steven M. Silverstein
author_facet Tanya Tran
Brian P. Keane
Judy L. Thompson
Ben Robinson
Joshua Kenney
Trevor F. Williams
James A. Waltz
Jason A. Levin
Eren Kafadar
James M. Gold
Jason Schiffman
Lauren M. Ellman
Elaine F. Walker
Gregory P. Strauss
Vijay A. Mittal
Richard E. Zinbarg
Philip R. Corlett
Albert R. Powers
Scott W. Woods
Steven M. Silverstein
author_sort Tanya Tran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Altered visual perception has been observed across all phases of psychotic illness, suggesting that perceptual measures might be useful in identifying people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). In a preliminary study, we found that CHR participants reported perceiving more faces in binarized human portraits on the Mooney Faces Test (MFT). Here, we aimed to replicate these findings and extend understanding of underlying processes and clinical correlates of MFT performance in the Computerized Assessment of Psychosis Risk (CAPR) cohort: CHR (n = 159), help-seeking psychiatric controls (n = 130), and healthy controls (n = 86). The MFT was adapted to include three image conditions (upright, inverted, and scrambled), and included follow-up questions regarding the physical characteristics of the faces that participants reported perceiving, to verify accuracy of perception and assess response bias. The CHR group reported more faces than both control groups in the inverted and scrambled conditions. In addition, the CHR group was as accurate at judging the age and gender of faces as the other groups. Among CHR participants, increased reporting of faces in the inverted condition was significantly correlated with more severe positive symptoms and poorer role functioning. We discuss the findings in terms of multiple perspectives, including changes in perceptual sensitivity, predictive coding, and perceptual organization.
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spelling doaj-art-a02efbc3eef548c9adfd50b8d68064652025-08-20T01:51:38ZengNature PortfolioSchizophrenia2754-69932025-05-011111810.1038/s41537-025-00624-yIncreased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlatesTanya Tran0Brian P. Keane1Judy L. Thompson2Ben Robinson3Joshua Kenney4Trevor F. Williams5James A. Waltz6Jason A. Levin7Eren Kafadar8James M. Gold9Jason Schiffman10Lauren M. Ellman11Elaine F. Walker12Gregory P. Strauss13Vijay A. Mittal14Richard E. Zinbarg15Philip R. Corlett16Albert R. Powers17Scott W. Woods18Steven M. Silverstein19Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical CenterDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of MedicineDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Northwestern UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of MedicineDepartment of Psychology, University of GeorgiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of MedicineDepartment of Psychological Science, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple UniversityDepartment of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Emory UniversityDepartment of Psychology, University of GeorgiaDepartment of Psychiatry, Northwestern UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Northwestern UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale UniversityDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical CenterAbstract Altered visual perception has been observed across all phases of psychotic illness, suggesting that perceptual measures might be useful in identifying people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). In a preliminary study, we found that CHR participants reported perceiving more faces in binarized human portraits on the Mooney Faces Test (MFT). Here, we aimed to replicate these findings and extend understanding of underlying processes and clinical correlates of MFT performance in the Computerized Assessment of Psychosis Risk (CAPR) cohort: CHR (n = 159), help-seeking psychiatric controls (n = 130), and healthy controls (n = 86). The MFT was adapted to include three image conditions (upright, inverted, and scrambled), and included follow-up questions regarding the physical characteristics of the faces that participants reported perceiving, to verify accuracy of perception and assess response bias. The CHR group reported more faces than both control groups in the inverted and scrambled conditions. In addition, the CHR group was as accurate at judging the age and gender of faces as the other groups. Among CHR participants, increased reporting of faces in the inverted condition was significantly correlated with more severe positive symptoms and poorer role functioning. We discuss the findings in terms of multiple perspectives, including changes in perceptual sensitivity, predictive coding, and perceptual organization.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00624-y
spellingShingle Tanya Tran
Brian P. Keane
Judy L. Thompson
Ben Robinson
Joshua Kenney
Trevor F. Williams
James A. Waltz
Jason A. Levin
Eren Kafadar
James M. Gold
Jason Schiffman
Lauren M. Ellman
Elaine F. Walker
Gregory P. Strauss
Vijay A. Mittal
Richard E. Zinbarg
Philip R. Corlett
Albert R. Powers
Scott W. Woods
Steven M. Silverstein
Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
Schizophrenia
title Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
title_full Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
title_fullStr Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
title_full_unstemmed Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
title_short Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates
title_sort increased face perception in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis mechanisms sex differences and clinical correlates
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00624-y
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