Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production

Abstract While excessive anthropogenic nutrient loads are harmful to coral reefs, natural nutrient flows can boost coral growth and reef functions. Here we investigate if seabird-derived nutrient subsidies benefit the growth of two dominant corals on lagoonal reefs, submassive Isopora palifera and c...

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Main Authors: Ines D. Lange, Cassandra E. Benkwitt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76759-2
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author Ines D. Lange
Cassandra E. Benkwitt
author_facet Ines D. Lange
Cassandra E. Benkwitt
author_sort Ines D. Lange
collection DOAJ
description Abstract While excessive anthropogenic nutrient loads are harmful to coral reefs, natural nutrient flows can boost coral growth and reef functions. Here we investigate if seabird-derived nutrient subsidies benefit the growth of two dominant corals on lagoonal reefs, submassive Isopora palifera and corymbose Acropora vermiculata, and if enhanced colony-level calcification rates can increase reef-scale carbonate production. I. palifera and A. vermiculata colonies close to an island with high seabird densities displayed 1.4 and 3.2-times higher linear extension rates, 1.8 and 3.9-times faster planar area increase, and 1.6 and 2.7-times higher calcification rates compared to colonies close to a nearby island with low seabird densities, respectively. While benthic ReefBudget surveys in combination with average coral growth rates did not indicate differences in reef-scale carbonate production across sites, coral carbonate production was 2.2-times higher at the seabird-rich island when using site-specific linear growth rates and skeletal densities. This study shows that seabird-derived nutrients benefit fast-growing branching as well as previously unstudied submassive coral taxa. It also demonstrates that nutrient subsidies benefit colony-scale and reef-scale calcification rates, which underpin important geo-ecological reef functions. Restoring natural nutrient pathways should thus be a priority for island and reef management.
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spelling doaj-art-a02df38b44924901808c4e8c5fa9c0f82025-08-20T02:11:29ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-011411710.1038/s41598-024-76759-2Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate productionInes D. Lange0Cassandra E. Benkwitt1University of ExeterLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityAbstract While excessive anthropogenic nutrient loads are harmful to coral reefs, natural nutrient flows can boost coral growth and reef functions. Here we investigate if seabird-derived nutrient subsidies benefit the growth of two dominant corals on lagoonal reefs, submassive Isopora palifera and corymbose Acropora vermiculata, and if enhanced colony-level calcification rates can increase reef-scale carbonate production. I. palifera and A. vermiculata colonies close to an island with high seabird densities displayed 1.4 and 3.2-times higher linear extension rates, 1.8 and 3.9-times faster planar area increase, and 1.6 and 2.7-times higher calcification rates compared to colonies close to a nearby island with low seabird densities, respectively. While benthic ReefBudget surveys in combination with average coral growth rates did not indicate differences in reef-scale carbonate production across sites, coral carbonate production was 2.2-times higher at the seabird-rich island when using site-specific linear growth rates and skeletal densities. This study shows that seabird-derived nutrients benefit fast-growing branching as well as previously unstudied submassive coral taxa. It also demonstrates that nutrient subsidies benefit colony-scale and reef-scale calcification rates, which underpin important geo-ecological reef functions. Restoring natural nutrient pathways should thus be a priority for island and reef management.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76759-2Seabird nutrientsCoral growthCoral calcificationReef carbonate budget
spellingShingle Ines D. Lange
Cassandra E. Benkwitt
Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
Scientific Reports
Seabird nutrients
Coral growth
Coral calcification
Reef carbonate budget
title Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
title_full Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
title_fullStr Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
title_full_unstemmed Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
title_short Seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
title_sort seabird nutrients increase coral calcification rates and boost reef carbonate production
topic Seabird nutrients
Coral growth
Coral calcification
Reef carbonate budget
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76759-2
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