Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley

Malting is a critical step in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) processing, transforming grain into a key raw material for brewing and food production. However, the process is often compromised by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., pathogens responsible for Fusarium Head Blight, which reduc...

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Main Authors: Pavel Svoboda, Jaroslava Ovesná, Štěpán Helmer, Milena Stránská
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/668
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author Pavel Svoboda
Jaroslava Ovesná
Štěpán Helmer
Milena Stránská
author_facet Pavel Svoboda
Jaroslava Ovesná
Štěpán Helmer
Milena Stránská
author_sort Pavel Svoboda
collection DOAJ
description Malting is a critical step in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) processing, transforming grain into a key raw material for brewing and food production. However, the process is often compromised by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., pathogens responsible for Fusarium Head Blight, which reduces grain quality and safety. Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, a promising non-thermal technology, has been studied for its potential to inactivate microbial pathogens and mitigate infection-related stress. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses in barley infected with <i>Fusarium</i> spp. during malting, both with and without PEF treatment. RNA sequencing identified over 12,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four malting stages, with the third stage (24 h of germination) showing the highest transcriptional activity. DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to oxidative stress management and abscisic acid signaling, underscoring their importance in stress adaptation. Barley treated with PEF exhibited fewer DEGs in later malting stages compared to untreated samples, suggesting that PEF alleviates stress induced by both <i>Fusarium</i> infection and the malting process. Enrichment analysis further revealed that PEF treatment up-regulated stress-related pathways while down-regulating genes associated with photosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into barley stress responses during malting and highlight the potential of PEF as a tool for enhancing malt quality under stress conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-a008ca940e4a4ec4b53419b4863e02802025-08-20T02:53:23ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114566810.3390/plants14050668Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting BarleyPavel Svoboda0Jaroslava Ovesná1Štěpán Helmer2Milena Stránská3Department of Molecular Genetics, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicMalting is a critical step in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) processing, transforming grain into a key raw material for brewing and food production. However, the process is often compromised by <i>Fusarium</i> spp., pathogens responsible for Fusarium Head Blight, which reduces grain quality and safety. Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, a promising non-thermal technology, has been studied for its potential to inactivate microbial pathogens and mitigate infection-related stress. In this study, we investigated transcriptional responses in barley infected with <i>Fusarium</i> spp. during malting, both with and without PEF treatment. RNA sequencing identified over 12,000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four malting stages, with the third stage (24 h of germination) showing the highest transcriptional activity. DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to oxidative stress management and abscisic acid signaling, underscoring their importance in stress adaptation. Barley treated with PEF exhibited fewer DEGs in later malting stages compared to untreated samples, suggesting that PEF alleviates stress induced by both <i>Fusarium</i> infection and the malting process. Enrichment analysis further revealed that PEF treatment up-regulated stress-related pathways while down-regulating genes associated with photosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into barley stress responses during malting and highlight the potential of PEF as a tool for enhancing malt quality under stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/668<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>maltingpulsed electric field<i>Fusarium</i> infectiontranscriptomicsstress response
spellingShingle Pavel Svoboda
Jaroslava Ovesná
Štěpán Helmer
Milena Stránská
Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
Plants
<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>
malting
pulsed electric field
<i>Fusarium</i> infection
transcriptomics
stress response
title Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
title_full Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
title_fullStr Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
title_full_unstemmed Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
title_short Pulsed Electric Field Treatment Modulates Gene Expression and Stress Responses in Fusarium-Infected Malting Barley
title_sort pulsed electric field treatment modulates gene expression and stress responses in fusarium infected malting barley
topic <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>
malting
pulsed electric field
<i>Fusarium</i> infection
transcriptomics
stress response
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/5/668
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AT milenastranska pulsedelectricfieldtreatmentmodulatesgeneexpressionandstressresponsesinfusariuminfectedmaltingbarley