Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production

Water scarcity is one of the most critical global challenges, with nearly 4 billion people affected by acute water shortages. Desalination has emerged as a key solution to meet the growing demand for freshwater, especially in arid regions. However, standalone conventional desalination technologies s...

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Main Authors: Nadira Salsabila, Asifa Anwar, Haya Talib Shubbar, M. Imran Khan, Tareq Al-Ansari, Yusuf Bicer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Energy Nexus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000816
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author Nadira Salsabila
Asifa Anwar
Haya Talib Shubbar
M. Imran Khan
Tareq Al-Ansari
Yusuf Bicer
author_facet Nadira Salsabila
Asifa Anwar
Haya Talib Shubbar
M. Imran Khan
Tareq Al-Ansari
Yusuf Bicer
author_sort Nadira Salsabila
collection DOAJ
description Water scarcity is one of the most critical global challenges, with nearly 4 billion people affected by acute water shortages. Desalination has emerged as a key solution to meet the growing demand for freshwater, especially in arid regions. However, standalone conventional desalination technologies such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) face challenges in terms of high energy consumption, low water recovery rates in some cases, and certain environmental impacts, which hybrid desalination systems can mitigate. Despite the growing interest in hybrid desalination technologies, there is a gap in their sustainability analysis, making it difficult to determine the most sustainable option for freshwater production. Therefore, this study conducts a comprehensive sustainability assessment of seven different hybrid desalination configurations with double-stage RO as the control. The analysis focuses on key indicators of sustainability, including energy efficiency, water recovery, environmental impacts, and social acceptance of the produced freshwater. The results reveal that the RO system, when combined with multi-effect distillation (MED), had a global sustainability index (GSI) of 83 %, which is the most sustainable configuration, outperforming RO-RO (GSI of 75 %). In contrast, the MSF-RO system ranks the lowest with a GSI of 24 %, due to its high energy consumption and carbon emissions. The study highlights the potential of hybrid systems, particularly RO-MED, to address water scarcity more sustainably. These findings offer practical guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders in selecting desalination technologies that balance water security, energy efficiency, and environmental impact. Future research should explore integrating renewable energy sources into hybrid systems to further reduce environmental impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-a006f61241cb4c92805fca22b9ebcc352025-08-20T02:39:29ZengElsevierEnergy Nexus2772-42712025-06-011810044010.1016/j.nexus.2025.100440Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater productionNadira Salsabila0Asifa Anwar1Haya Talib Shubbar2M. Imran Khan3Tareq Al-Ansari4Yusuf Bicer5Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar; Corresponding author.Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarDivision of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al-Khobar, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarDivision of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, QatarWater scarcity is one of the most critical global challenges, with nearly 4 billion people affected by acute water shortages. Desalination has emerged as a key solution to meet the growing demand for freshwater, especially in arid regions. However, standalone conventional desalination technologies such as multi-stage flash (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) face challenges in terms of high energy consumption, low water recovery rates in some cases, and certain environmental impacts, which hybrid desalination systems can mitigate. Despite the growing interest in hybrid desalination technologies, there is a gap in their sustainability analysis, making it difficult to determine the most sustainable option for freshwater production. Therefore, this study conducts a comprehensive sustainability assessment of seven different hybrid desalination configurations with double-stage RO as the control. The analysis focuses on key indicators of sustainability, including energy efficiency, water recovery, environmental impacts, and social acceptance of the produced freshwater. The results reveal that the RO system, when combined with multi-effect distillation (MED), had a global sustainability index (GSI) of 83 %, which is the most sustainable configuration, outperforming RO-RO (GSI of 75 %). In contrast, the MSF-RO system ranks the lowest with a GSI of 24 %, due to its high energy consumption and carbon emissions. The study highlights the potential of hybrid systems, particularly RO-MED, to address water scarcity more sustainably. These findings offer practical guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders in selecting desalination technologies that balance water security, energy efficiency, and environmental impact. Future research should explore integrating renewable energy sources into hybrid systems to further reduce environmental impacts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000816Environmental impactsGlobal sustainability indexHybrid desalinationSocial indicatorsTechno-economicsWater scarcity
spellingShingle Nadira Salsabila
Asifa Anwar
Haya Talib Shubbar
M. Imran Khan
Tareq Al-Ansari
Yusuf Bicer
Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
Energy Nexus
Environmental impacts
Global sustainability index
Hybrid desalination
Social indicators
Techno-economics
Water scarcity
title Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
title_full Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
title_fullStr Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
title_full_unstemmed Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
title_short Comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
title_sort comparative sustainability assessment of hybrid desalination systems for freshwater production
topic Environmental impacts
Global sustainability index
Hybrid desalination
Social indicators
Techno-economics
Water scarcity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772427125000816
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