Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology

This research seeks to develop a sustainable and effective approach to the synthesis of the α-halocarboxylic acid ester derivatives. Using Amberlyst-15, as a heterogeneous acid catalyst, the reaction between various alcohols and chloroacetic acid has been successfully facilitated. In contrast to com...

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Main Authors: Ahmad Nikseresht, Seyyed Hossein Hosseini, Leila Matin, Hamid Reza Azizi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625001304
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author Ahmad Nikseresht
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini
Leila Matin
Hamid Reza Azizi
author_facet Ahmad Nikseresht
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini
Leila Matin
Hamid Reza Azizi
author_sort Ahmad Nikseresht
collection DOAJ
description This research seeks to develop a sustainable and effective approach to the synthesis of the α-halocarboxylic acid ester derivatives. Using Amberlyst-15, as a heterogeneous acid catalyst, the reaction between various alcohols and chloroacetic acid has been successfully facilitated. In contrast to common optimization procedures, the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the reaction conditions, ensuring maximum yield and selectivity. First, several factors including temperature, time, catalyst loading, and acid-to-alcohol ratio were identified to establish the required minimum number of experiments, followed by their execution in the laboratory. Finally, RSM was applied to investigate and optimize the system based on the experimental data. Notably, all materials utilized in this study are widely accessible, which renders this approach highly practical and scalable. The environmentally friendly and sustainable nature of the suggested method, coupled with optimized reaction conditions, renders it a desirable option for producing ester derivatives.
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spelling doaj-art-9fee3072d9ab4a099877dcd89b21bb492025-08-20T02:04:38ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-03-011410214710.1016/j.rechem.2025.102147Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodologyAhmad Nikseresht0Seyyed Hossein Hosseini1Leila Matin2Hamid Reza Azizi3Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, 69315-516 Ilam, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, IranDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Ilam University, 69315-516 Ilam, IranThis research seeks to develop a sustainable and effective approach to the synthesis of the α-halocarboxylic acid ester derivatives. Using Amberlyst-15, as a heterogeneous acid catalyst, the reaction between various alcohols and chloroacetic acid has been successfully facilitated. In contrast to common optimization procedures, the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the reaction conditions, ensuring maximum yield and selectivity. First, several factors including temperature, time, catalyst loading, and acid-to-alcohol ratio were identified to establish the required minimum number of experiments, followed by their execution in the laboratory. Finally, RSM was applied to investigate and optimize the system based on the experimental data. Notably, all materials utilized in this study are widely accessible, which renders this approach highly practical and scalable. The environmentally friendly and sustainable nature of the suggested method, coupled with optimized reaction conditions, renders it a desirable option for producing ester derivatives.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625001304Chloroacetic acidAlcoholEsterificationAmberlyst-15Response surface methodology (RSM)
spellingShingle Ahmad Nikseresht
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini
Leila Matin
Hamid Reza Azizi
Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
Results in Chemistry
Chloroacetic acid
Alcohol
Esterification
Amberlyst-15
Response surface methodology (RSM)
title Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
title_full Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
title_fullStr Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
title_short Optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of Amberlyst-15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
title_sort optimization of selectively chloroacetic acid esterification in the presence of amberlyst 15 catalyst using the response surface methodology
topic Chloroacetic acid
Alcohol
Esterification
Amberlyst-15
Response surface methodology (RSM)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625001304
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AT seyyedhosseinhosseini optimizationofselectivelychloroaceticacidesterificationinthepresenceofamberlyst15catalystusingtheresponsesurfacemethodology
AT leilamatin optimizationofselectivelychloroaceticacidesterificationinthepresenceofamberlyst15catalystusingtheresponsesurfacemethodology
AT hamidrezaazizi optimizationofselectivelychloroaceticacidesterificationinthepresenceofamberlyst15catalystusingtheresponsesurfacemethodology