Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with medical or surgical castration is the mainstay of therapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. However, despite initial responses, almost all men eventually develop castration refractory metastatic prostate cancer (CRPC) and die of their disease. Over the l...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Prostate Cancer |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981684 |
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| author | Jesal C. Patel Benjamin L. Maughan Archana M. Agarwal Julia A. Batten Tian Y. Zhang Neeraj Agarwal |
| author_facet | Jesal C. Patel Benjamin L. Maughan Archana M. Agarwal Julia A. Batten Tian Y. Zhang Neeraj Agarwal |
| author_sort | Jesal C. Patel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with medical or surgical castration is the mainstay of therapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. However, despite initial responses, almost all men eventually develop castration refractory metastatic prostate cancer (CRPC) and die of their disease. Over the last decade, it has been recognized that despite the failure of ADT, most prostate cancers maintain some dependence on androgen and/or androgen receptor (AR) signaling for proliferation. Furthermore, androgen independent molecular pathways have been identified as drivers of continued progression of CRPC. Subsequently, drugs have been developed targeting these pathways, many of which have received regulatory approval. Agents such as abiraterone, enzalutamide, orteronel (TAK-700), and ARN-509 target androgen signaling. Sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab, and tasquinimod augment immune-mediated tumor killing. Agents targeting classic tumorogenesis pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, tumor suppressor, and those which regulate apoptosis and cell cycles are currently being developed. This paper aims to focus on emerging molecular pathways underlying progression of CRPC, and the drugs targeting these pathways, which have recently been approved or have reached advanced stages of development in either phase II or phase III clinical trials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9fed667279544df7bd92685a2f3b34bf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2090-3111 2090-312X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Prostate Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-9fed667279544df7bd92685a2f3b34bf2025-08-20T02:20:41ZengWileyProstate Cancer2090-31112090-312X2013-01-01201310.1155/2013/981684981684Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate CancerJesal C. Patel0Benjamin L. Maughan1Archana M. Agarwal2Julia A. Batten3Tian Y. Zhang4Neeraj Agarwal5Division of Medical Oncology, University of UT Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of UT, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USADepartment of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of UT, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USADivision of Medical Oncology, University of UT Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, University of UT, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USADivision of Medical Oncology, University of UT Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) with medical or surgical castration is the mainstay of therapy in men with metastatic prostate cancer. However, despite initial responses, almost all men eventually develop castration refractory metastatic prostate cancer (CRPC) and die of their disease. Over the last decade, it has been recognized that despite the failure of ADT, most prostate cancers maintain some dependence on androgen and/or androgen receptor (AR) signaling for proliferation. Furthermore, androgen independent molecular pathways have been identified as drivers of continued progression of CRPC. Subsequently, drugs have been developed targeting these pathways, many of which have received regulatory approval. Agents such as abiraterone, enzalutamide, orteronel (TAK-700), and ARN-509 target androgen signaling. Sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab, and tasquinimod augment immune-mediated tumor killing. Agents targeting classic tumorogenesis pathways including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, tumor suppressor, and those which regulate apoptosis and cell cycles are currently being developed. This paper aims to focus on emerging molecular pathways underlying progression of CRPC, and the drugs targeting these pathways, which have recently been approved or have reached advanced stages of development in either phase II or phase III clinical trials.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981684 |
| spellingShingle | Jesal C. Patel Benjamin L. Maughan Archana M. Agarwal Julia A. Batten Tian Y. Zhang Neeraj Agarwal Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer |
| title | Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer |
| title_full | Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer |
| title_short | Emerging Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Castration Refractory Prostate Cancer |
| title_sort | emerging molecularly targeted therapies in castration refractory prostate cancer |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/981684 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jesalcpatel emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer AT benjaminlmaughan emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer AT archanamagarwal emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer AT juliaabatten emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer AT tianyzhang emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer AT neerajagarwal emergingmolecularlytargetedtherapiesincastrationrefractoryprostatecancer |