Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging
The handheld ultrasound has been widely applied in various clinical applications due to its high portability and cost-effectiveness advantages. The smaller hardware architecture can expand its range of application scenarios. However, miniaturized ultrasound devices face the challenges in terms of im...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747270/ |
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| author | Wenping Wang Ziliang Feng |
| author_facet | Wenping Wang Ziliang Feng |
| author_sort | Wenping Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The handheld ultrasound has been widely applied in various clinical applications due to its high portability and cost-effectiveness advantages. The smaller hardware architecture can expand its range of application scenarios. However, miniaturized ultrasound devices face the challenges in terms of image quality, frame rate, and power consumption. The achievement of high-quality and high-frame-rate imaging depends on numerous channels and higher pulse repetition frequency (PRF) at the cost of power consumption. The proposed work aims to design a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based prototype with synthetic aperture method for portable and cost-effective handheld ultrasound system. The prototype supports 8 transmit and receive channels and forms up to 8 synthetic apertures. In addition, to optimize the FPGA resources, the auto delay calculation and segmented apodizations are employed for 4 parallel beamforming lines. To evaluate the performance of our proposed prototype, scan sequences of B-mode, C-mode, and D-mode are implemented for image construction. The results show that the proposed prototype can provide a lateral resolution of 0.30 mm, a contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 7.58 dB, and a frame rate of 22 frames per second (FPS) in dual-mode imaging. Moreover, it is remarkable that the memory and logic resources in the FPGA (EP4CE55) account for 73.7% and 66.2%, respectively, which makes the FPGA's power consumption only about 530 mW. The proposed prototype is suitable for handheld and other miniaturized ultrasound imaging systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9fe92390f2c94b4e9a1bb117bd66bd9d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9fe92390f2c94b4e9a1bb117bd66bd9d2025-01-24T00:02:25ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology2644-12922024-01-01510711510.1109/OJNANO.2024.349454410747270Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture ImagingWenping Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-315XZiliang Feng1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6484-7612National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaThe handheld ultrasound has been widely applied in various clinical applications due to its high portability and cost-effectiveness advantages. The smaller hardware architecture can expand its range of application scenarios. However, miniaturized ultrasound devices face the challenges in terms of image quality, frame rate, and power consumption. The achievement of high-quality and high-frame-rate imaging depends on numerous channels and higher pulse repetition frequency (PRF) at the cost of power consumption. The proposed work aims to design a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based prototype with synthetic aperture method for portable and cost-effective handheld ultrasound system. The prototype supports 8 transmit and receive channels and forms up to 8 synthetic apertures. In addition, to optimize the FPGA resources, the auto delay calculation and segmented apodizations are employed for 4 parallel beamforming lines. To evaluate the performance of our proposed prototype, scan sequences of B-mode, C-mode, and D-mode are implemented for image construction. The results show that the proposed prototype can provide a lateral resolution of 0.30 mm, a contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 7.58 dB, and a frame rate of 22 frames per second (FPS) in dual-mode imaging. Moreover, it is remarkable that the memory and logic resources in the FPGA (EP4CE55) account for 73.7% and 66.2%, respectively, which makes the FPGA's power consumption only about 530 mW. The proposed prototype is suitable for handheld and other miniaturized ultrasound imaging systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747270/Handheld ultrasoundfield-programmable gate array (FPGA)synthetic apertureparallel beamformingpower consumption |
| spellingShingle | Wenping Wang Ziliang Feng Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology Handheld ultrasound field-programmable gate array (FPGA) synthetic aperture parallel beamforming power consumption |
| title | Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging |
| title_full | Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging |
| title_short | Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging |
| title_sort | portable and cost effective handheld ultrasound system utilizing fpga based synthetic aperture imaging |
| topic | Handheld ultrasound field-programmable gate array (FPGA) synthetic aperture parallel beamforming power consumption |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10747270/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenpingwang portableandcosteffectivehandheldultrasoundsystemutilizingfpgabasedsyntheticapertureimaging AT ziliangfeng portableandcosteffectivehandheldultrasoundsystemutilizingfpgabasedsyntheticapertureimaging |