Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley

Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) production systems are described as high risk for emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to large fertilizer inputs. Conservation practices, such as cover crop (CC), can limit the effects of agricultural activities on GHGs while increasing carbon and nitrogen stor...

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Main Authors: Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye, Michael J. Mulvaney, Mike Daniels, Tabata de Oliveira, Beth Baker, Timothy Bradford, Chandler M. Arel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Atmosphere
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/498
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author Diego Della Lunga
Kristofor R. Brye
Michael J. Mulvaney
Mike Daniels
Tabata de Oliveira
Beth Baker
Timothy Bradford
Chandler M. Arel
author_facet Diego Della Lunga
Kristofor R. Brye
Michael J. Mulvaney
Mike Daniels
Tabata de Oliveira
Beth Baker
Timothy Bradford
Chandler M. Arel
author_sort Diego Della Lunga
collection DOAJ
description Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) production systems are described as high risk for emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to large fertilizer inputs. Conservation practices, such as cover crop (CC), can limit the effects of agricultural activities on GHGs while increasing carbon and nitrogen storage. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of cover crops, i.e., with CC and no-CC, on GHG (i.e., CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) in furrow-irrigated corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Gas sampling was conducted with an automated system that measured GHGs four times daily during the 2024 growing season in furrow-irrigated corn on a loam soil in Mississippi. Only CO<sub>2</sub> emissions differed (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by CC treatment, with soil respiration ~30% greater from CC than no-CC. Season-long emissions ranged from −0.22 to 0.30 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>, 5.53 to 7.28 kg N<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>, with a GWP between 12,888 and 15,053 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup> from no-CC and CC, respectively. The role of CC as a conservation practice needs to be evaluated with soil and plant parameters. The beneficial effects of CC on soil physical and chemical properties likely outweigh a predictable increase in GHG emissions.
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spelling doaj-art-9fdd0bcb64774c8e82dc0b78c4484f872025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332025-04-0116549810.3390/atmos16050498Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River ValleyDiego Della Lunga0Kristofor R. Brye1Michael J. Mulvaney2Mike Daniels3Tabata de Oliveira4Beth Baker5Timothy Bradford6Chandler M. Arel7Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Plant and Soil Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39579, USADepartment of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAVayda Inc., Wilmington, DE 19808, USADepartment of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39579, USAVayda Inc., Wilmington, DE 19808, USADepartment of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USACorn (<i>Zea mays</i>) production systems are described as high risk for emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) due to large fertilizer inputs. Conservation practices, such as cover crop (CC), can limit the effects of agricultural activities on GHGs while increasing carbon and nitrogen storage. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of cover crops, i.e., with CC and no-CC, on GHG (i.e., CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) in furrow-irrigated corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Gas sampling was conducted with an automated system that measured GHGs four times daily during the 2024 growing season in furrow-irrigated corn on a loam soil in Mississippi. Only CO<sub>2</sub> emissions differed (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by CC treatment, with soil respiration ~30% greater from CC than no-CC. Season-long emissions ranged from −0.22 to 0.30 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>, 5.53 to 7.28 kg N<sub>2</sub>O ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>, with a GWP between 12,888 and 15,053 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup> from no-CC and CC, respectively. The role of CC as a conservation practice needs to be evaluated with soil and plant parameters. The beneficial effects of CC on soil physical and chemical properties likely outweigh a predictable increase in GHG emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/498greenhouse gasesfurrow-irrigated corncover crops
spellingShingle Diego Della Lunga
Kristofor R. Brye
Michael J. Mulvaney
Mike Daniels
Tabata de Oliveira
Beth Baker
Timothy Bradford
Chandler M. Arel
Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
Atmosphere
greenhouse gases
furrow-irrigated corn
cover crops
title Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
title_full Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
title_fullStr Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
title_full_unstemmed Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
title_short Cover Crop Effects on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential in Furrow-Irrigated Corn in the Lower Mississippi River Valley
title_sort cover crop effects on greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential in furrow irrigated corn in the lower mississippi river valley
topic greenhouse gases
furrow-irrigated corn
cover crops
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/5/498
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