Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ImportanceClinical trials in recent years have shown significant effectiveness of complement inhibitors for geographic atrophy (GA) treatment. Two complement inhibitor drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Objectiveto compare and rank the different complement inhibitors...

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Main Authors: Huan Wang, Jiaqi Zheng, Qing Zhang, Zhongping Tian, Yuhang Sun, Tianyi Zhu, Yanlong Bi, Li Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1410172/full
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author Huan Wang
Jiaqi Zheng
Qing Zhang
Zhongping Tian
Yuhang Sun
Tianyi Zhu
Yanlong Bi
Yanlong Bi
Li Zhang
Li Zhang
author_facet Huan Wang
Jiaqi Zheng
Qing Zhang
Zhongping Tian
Yuhang Sun
Tianyi Zhu
Yanlong Bi
Yanlong Bi
Li Zhang
Li Zhang
author_sort Huan Wang
collection DOAJ
description ImportanceClinical trials in recent years have shown significant effectiveness of complement inhibitors for geographic atrophy (GA) treatment. Two complement inhibitor drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Objectiveto compare and rank the different complement inhibitors in the treatment of GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, LWW Medical Journals, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to October 2023.Study selectionAll randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of complement inhibitors in patients diagnosed with secondary GA in AMD were identified.Data extraction and synthesisThis study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) network meta-analysis Checklist of Items and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for assessing the study quality. Multiple authors independently coded all titles and abstracts, reviewed full-text articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and resolved all discrepancies by consensus. Random-effects network meta-analyses were applied. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the BUGSnet package in R (4.2.0).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary efficacy outcome was the change in GA lesion size (mm2) from baseline to month 12. The secondary efficacy outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Safety outcome measures included the number of subjects with serious adverse events (SAEs) and macular neovascularization (MNV).ResultsTen randomized controlled trials including 4,405 participants and five complement inhibitors were identified. Comparison with sham and SUCRA analysis showed that avacincaptad pegol 2 mg (MD: −0.58, 95% CrI: −0.97 to −0.18, SUCRA: 93.55), pegcetacoplan monthly (MD: −0.38, 95% CrI: −0.57 to −0.20, SUCRA: 81.37), and pegcetacoplan every other month (MD: −0.30, 95% CrI: −0.49 to −0.11, SUCRA: 70.16) have significant changes in GA lesion reduction. No treatments showed significant changes in BCVA and SAE compared with sham. Pegcetacoplan monthly (OR: 4.30, 95% CrI: 1.48–16.72) increased the risk of MNV. Avacincaptad pegol 2 mg demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of SAE and MNV.Conclusion and relevanceAvacincaptad pegol 2 mg is the most effective complement inhibitor with better safety for the treatment of GA secondary to AMD.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351515, Identifier PROSPERO CRD42022351515.
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spelling doaj-art-9fdd028af9eb40df80db8ddaa65bfe7a2025-08-20T02:14:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-11-011510.3389/fphar.2024.14101721410172Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsHuan Wang0Jiaqi Zheng1Qing Zhang2Zhongping Tian3Yuhang Sun4Tianyi Zhu5Yanlong Bi6Yanlong Bi7Li Zhang8Li Zhang9Clinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaResearch Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, GermanyClinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaClinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaTongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaClinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaImportanceClinical trials in recent years have shown significant effectiveness of complement inhibitors for geographic atrophy (GA) treatment. Two complement inhibitor drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Objectiveto compare and rank the different complement inhibitors in the treatment of GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Data sourcesA systematic literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, LWW Medical Journals, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to October 2023.Study selectionAll randomized clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of complement inhibitors in patients diagnosed with secondary GA in AMD were identified.Data extraction and synthesisThis study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) network meta-analysis Checklist of Items and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for assessing the study quality. Multiple authors independently coded all titles and abstracts, reviewed full-text articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and resolved all discrepancies by consensus. Random-effects network meta-analyses were applied. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the BUGSnet package in R (4.2.0).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary efficacy outcome was the change in GA lesion size (mm2) from baseline to month 12. The secondary efficacy outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Safety outcome measures included the number of subjects with serious adverse events (SAEs) and macular neovascularization (MNV).ResultsTen randomized controlled trials including 4,405 participants and five complement inhibitors were identified. Comparison with sham and SUCRA analysis showed that avacincaptad pegol 2 mg (MD: −0.58, 95% CrI: −0.97 to −0.18, SUCRA: 93.55), pegcetacoplan monthly (MD: −0.38, 95% CrI: −0.57 to −0.20, SUCRA: 81.37), and pegcetacoplan every other month (MD: −0.30, 95% CrI: −0.49 to −0.11, SUCRA: 70.16) have significant changes in GA lesion reduction. No treatments showed significant changes in BCVA and SAE compared with sham. Pegcetacoplan monthly (OR: 4.30, 95% CrI: 1.48–16.72) increased the risk of MNV. Avacincaptad pegol 2 mg demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of SAE and MNV.Conclusion and relevanceAvacincaptad pegol 2 mg is the most effective complement inhibitor with better safety for the treatment of GA secondary to AMD.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351515, Identifier PROSPERO CRD42022351515.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1410172/fullcomplement inhibitorsgeographic atrophyage-related macular degenerationnetwork meta-analysismeta-analysis
spellingShingle Huan Wang
Jiaqi Zheng
Qing Zhang
Zhongping Tian
Yuhang Sun
Tianyi Zhu
Yanlong Bi
Yanlong Bi
Li Zhang
Li Zhang
Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Frontiers in Pharmacology
complement inhibitors
geographic atrophy
age-related macular degeneration
network meta-analysis
meta-analysis
title Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
title_full Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
title_fullStr Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
title_short Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
title_sort efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age related macular degeneration a network meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
topic complement inhibitors
geographic atrophy
age-related macular degeneration
network meta-analysis
meta-analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1410172/full
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