Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Ustilaginoidin D is a type of bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxin produced by Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut. Although previous studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ustilaginoidin D on ATP synthesis and cancer cell growth in mice, its specific health risks remain...

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Main Authors: Bo Wang, Xiaolong Bai, Min Zhang, Xiangxiang Liu, Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara, Lingjing Liu, Mingming Ou, Dayong Li, Jiyang Wang, Ling Liu, Wenxian Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Toxins
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/250
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author Bo Wang
Xiaolong Bai
Min Zhang
Xiangxiang Liu
Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara
Lingjing Liu
Mingming Ou
Dayong Li
Jiyang Wang
Ling Liu
Wenxian Sun
author_facet Bo Wang
Xiaolong Bai
Min Zhang
Xiangxiang Liu
Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara
Lingjing Liu
Mingming Ou
Dayong Li
Jiyang Wang
Ling Liu
Wenxian Sun
author_sort Bo Wang
collection DOAJ
description Ustilaginoidin D is a type of bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxin produced by Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut. Although previous studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ustilaginoidin D on ATP synthesis and cancer cell growth in mice, its specific health risks remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ustilaginoidin D is highly toxic to mice with an LD<sub>50</sub> value of 213 mg /kg·bw. Dose-dependent weight loss and liver damage were observed, accompanied by altered markers of liver cell damage, including the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the content of glutathione in mouse liver. RNA-seq analysis of liver tissues from mice treated with 150 mg of ustilaginoidin D/kg·bw identified significant changes in gene expression profiles, with differentially expressed genes enriched in cancer-related pathways, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and metabolic pathways. RT-qPCR data are highly consistent with transcriptome analysis in expression profiles of 22 chemical-carcinogenesis-associated genes. These findings indicate that ustilaginoidin D induces acute toxicity and liver dysfunction in mice, raising serious concerns about its threat to human health.
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spelling doaj-art-9fdc458cb5db41678a79063dcb13ee812025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-05-0117525010.3390/toxins17050250Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in MiceBo Wang0Xiaolong Bai1Min Zhang2Xiangxiang Liu3Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara4Lingjing Liu5Mingming Ou6Dayong Li7Jiyang Wang8Ling Liu9Wenxian Sun10College of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Management of Crop Pests and Diseases, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaUstilaginoidin D is a type of bis-naphtho-γ-pyrone mycotoxin produced by Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of rice false smut. Although previous studies have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of ustilaginoidin D on ATP synthesis and cancer cell growth in mice, its specific health risks remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ustilaginoidin D is highly toxic to mice with an LD<sub>50</sub> value of 213 mg /kg·bw. Dose-dependent weight loss and liver damage were observed, accompanied by altered markers of liver cell damage, including the enzyme activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and the content of glutathione in mouse liver. RNA-seq analysis of liver tissues from mice treated with 150 mg of ustilaginoidin D/kg·bw identified significant changes in gene expression profiles, with differentially expressed genes enriched in cancer-related pathways, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and metabolic pathways. RT-qPCR data are highly consistent with transcriptome analysis in expression profiles of 22 chemical-carcinogenesis-associated genes. These findings indicate that ustilaginoidin D induces acute toxicity and liver dysfunction in mice, raising serious concerns about its threat to human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/250ustilaginoidin Drice false smutmicehepatotoxicityhuman health
spellingShingle Bo Wang
Xiaolong Bai
Min Zhang
Xiangxiang Liu
Muhammad Zulqar Nain Dara
Lingjing Liu
Mingming Ou
Dayong Li
Jiyang Wang
Ling Liu
Wenxian Sun
Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Toxins
ustilaginoidin D
rice false smut
mice
hepatotoxicity
human health
title Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
title_full Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
title_fullStr Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
title_short Ustilaginoidin D Induces Acute Toxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Mice
title_sort ustilaginoidin d induces acute toxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice
topic ustilaginoidin D
rice false smut
mice
hepatotoxicity
human health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/5/250
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