Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning

Volatility forecasting for financial institutions plays a pivotal role across a wide range of domains, such as risk management, option pricing, and market making. For instance, banks can incorporate volatility forecasts into stress testing frameworks to ensure they are holding sufficient capital dur...

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Main Authors: Zhiang Qiu, Clemens Kownatzki, Fabien Scalzo, Eun Sang Cha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Risks
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/5/98
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author Zhiang Qiu
Clemens Kownatzki
Fabien Scalzo
Eun Sang Cha
author_facet Zhiang Qiu
Clemens Kownatzki
Fabien Scalzo
Eun Sang Cha
author_sort Zhiang Qiu
collection DOAJ
description Volatility forecasting for financial institutions plays a pivotal role across a wide range of domains, such as risk management, option pricing, and market making. For instance, banks can incorporate volatility forecasts into stress testing frameworks to ensure they are holding sufficient capital during extreme market conditions. However, volatility forecasting is challenging because volatility can only be estimated, and different factors influence volatility, ranging from macroeconomic indicators to investor sentiments. While recent works show promising advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence for volatility forecasting, a comprehensive assessment of current statistical and learning-based methods is lacking. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the historical evolution of volatility forecasting with a comparative benchmark of key landmark models, such as implied volatility, GARCH, LSTM, and Transformer. We open-source our benchmark code to further research in learning-based methods for volatility forecasting.
format Article
id doaj-art-9fd192f275d9482da8fd7fb54c86b453
institution Kabale University
issn 2227-9091
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Risks
spelling doaj-art-9fd192f275d9482da8fd7fb54c86b4532025-08-20T03:48:01ZengMDPI AGRisks2227-90912025-05-011359810.3390/risks13050098Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine LearningZhiang Qiu0Clemens Kownatzki1Fabien Scalzo2Eun Sang Cha3Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USAPepperdine Graziadio Business School, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USASeaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USASeaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA 90263, USAVolatility forecasting for financial institutions plays a pivotal role across a wide range of domains, such as risk management, option pricing, and market making. For instance, banks can incorporate volatility forecasts into stress testing frameworks to ensure they are holding sufficient capital during extreme market conditions. However, volatility forecasting is challenging because volatility can only be estimated, and different factors influence volatility, ranging from macroeconomic indicators to investor sentiments. While recent works show promising advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence for volatility forecasting, a comprehensive assessment of current statistical and learning-based methods is lacking. Thus, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the historical evolution of volatility forecasting with a comparative benchmark of key landmark models, such as implied volatility, GARCH, LSTM, and Transformer. We open-source our benchmark code to further research in learning-based methods for volatility forecasting.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/5/98volatility forecastingrisk managementdeep learningtime series analysisGARCHLSTM
spellingShingle Zhiang Qiu
Clemens Kownatzki
Fabien Scalzo
Eun Sang Cha
Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
Risks
volatility forecasting
risk management
deep learning
time series analysis
GARCH
LSTM
title Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
title_full Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
title_fullStr Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
title_full_unstemmed Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
title_short Historical Perspectives in Volatility Forecasting Methods with Machine Learning
title_sort historical perspectives in volatility forecasting methods with machine learning
topic volatility forecasting
risk management
deep learning
time series analysis
GARCH
LSTM
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/13/5/98
work_keys_str_mv AT zhiangqiu historicalperspectivesinvolatilityforecastingmethodswithmachinelearning
AT clemenskownatzki historicalperspectivesinvolatilityforecastingmethodswithmachinelearning
AT fabienscalzo historicalperspectivesinvolatilityforecastingmethodswithmachinelearning
AT eunsangcha historicalperspectivesinvolatilityforecastingmethodswithmachinelearning