Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology
Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO<sub>2</sub>) phase transition blasting technology, known for its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and controllable energy output, has been widely applied in mine safety fields such as coal roadway pressure relief and coal seam permeability enhancem...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xuanping Gong Xiaoyu Cheng Cheng Cheng Quangui Li Jizhao Xu Yu Wang |
| author_facet | Xuanping Gong Xiaoyu Cheng Cheng Cheng Quangui Li Jizhao Xu Yu Wang |
| author_sort | Xuanping Gong |
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| description | Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO<sub>2</sub>) phase transition blasting technology, known for its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and controllable energy output, has been widely applied in mine safety fields such as coal roadway pressure relief and coal seam permeability enhancement. However, the synergistic control mechanism between L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting loads and in situ stress conditions on coal seam fracturing and permeability enhancement remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the key process parameters of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting in deep coal seams using response surface methodology and numerical simulation. First, three commonly used L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting tubes with the overpressure of 150 MPa, 210 MPa, and 270 MPa were selected, and the corresponding material parameters and state equations were established. A dynamic mechanical constitutive model for a typical low-permeability, high-gas coal seam was then developed. A numerical model of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting, considering fluid–solid coupling effects, was then constructed. Multiple experiments were designed based on response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of blasting pressure, in situ stress, and stress difference on L-CO<sub>2</sub> fracturing performance. The results indicate that the overpressures of the three simulated blasting loads were 156 MPa, 215 MPa, and 279 MPa, respectively, and the load model closely matches the actual phase blasting load. L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting creates a plastic deformation zone and a pulverized zone around the borehole within 500 μs to 800 μs after detonation, with a tensile fracture zone appearing at 2000 μs. By analyzing radial and tangential stresses at different distances from the explosion center, the mechanical mechanisms of fracture formation in different blast zones were revealed. Under the in situ stress conditions of this study, the number of primary fractures generated by the explosion ranged from 0 to 12, the size of the pulverized zone varied from 1170 cm<sup>2</sup> to 2875 cm<sup>2</sup>, and the total fracture length ranged from 44.4 cm to 1730.2 cm. In cases of unequal stress, the stresses display axial symmetry, and the differential stress drives the fractures to expand along the direction of the maximum principal stress. This caused the aspect ratio of the external ellipse of the explosion fracture zone to range between 1.00 and 1.72. The study establishes and validates a response model for the effects of blasting load, in situ stress, and stress difference on fracturing performance. A single-factor analysis reveals that the blasting load positively impacts fracture generation, while in situ stress and differential stress have negative effects. The three-factor interaction model shows that as the in situ stress and stress difference increase, their inhibitory effects become stronger, while the enhancement effect of the blasting load continues to grow. This research provides a theoretical basis for blasting design and fracture propagation prediction using L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting in the coal seam under varying in situ stress conditions, offering valuable data support for optimizing the process of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition fracturing technology. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9fcadbdb16ab418289a1ace5097e261e2025-01-24T13:20:04ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115261210.3390/app15020612Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface MethodologyXuanping Gong0Xiaoyu Cheng1Cheng Cheng2Quangui Li3Jizhao Xu4Yu Wang5China Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, ChinaChina Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, ChinaChina Coal Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaSchool of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaLiquid carbon dioxide (L-CO<sub>2</sub>) phase transition blasting technology, known for its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and controllable energy output, has been widely applied in mine safety fields such as coal roadway pressure relief and coal seam permeability enhancement. However, the synergistic control mechanism between L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting loads and in situ stress conditions on coal seam fracturing and permeability enhancement remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the key process parameters of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting in deep coal seams using response surface methodology and numerical simulation. First, three commonly used L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting tubes with the overpressure of 150 MPa, 210 MPa, and 270 MPa were selected, and the corresponding material parameters and state equations were established. A dynamic mechanical constitutive model for a typical low-permeability, high-gas coal seam was then developed. A numerical model of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting, considering fluid–solid coupling effects, was then constructed. Multiple experiments were designed based on response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of blasting pressure, in situ stress, and stress difference on L-CO<sub>2</sub> fracturing performance. The results indicate that the overpressures of the three simulated blasting loads were 156 MPa, 215 MPa, and 279 MPa, respectively, and the load model closely matches the actual phase blasting load. L-CO<sub>2</sub> blasting creates a plastic deformation zone and a pulverized zone around the borehole within 500 μs to 800 μs after detonation, with a tensile fracture zone appearing at 2000 μs. By analyzing radial and tangential stresses at different distances from the explosion center, the mechanical mechanisms of fracture formation in different blast zones were revealed. Under the in situ stress conditions of this study, the number of primary fractures generated by the explosion ranged from 0 to 12, the size of the pulverized zone varied from 1170 cm<sup>2</sup> to 2875 cm<sup>2</sup>, and the total fracture length ranged from 44.4 cm to 1730.2 cm. In cases of unequal stress, the stresses display axial symmetry, and the differential stress drives the fractures to expand along the direction of the maximum principal stress. This caused the aspect ratio of the external ellipse of the explosion fracture zone to range between 1.00 and 1.72. The study establishes and validates a response model for the effects of blasting load, in situ stress, and stress difference on fracturing performance. A single-factor analysis reveals that the blasting load positively impacts fracture generation, while in situ stress and differential stress have negative effects. The three-factor interaction model shows that as the in situ stress and stress difference increase, their inhibitory effects become stronger, while the enhancement effect of the blasting load continues to grow. This research provides a theoretical basis for blasting design and fracture propagation prediction using L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting in the coal seam under varying in situ stress conditions, offering valuable data support for optimizing the process of L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition fracturing technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/612L-CO<sub>2</sub>phase transition blastingcoal seam fracturing and permeability enhancementresponse surface modelLS-DYNA |
| spellingShingle | Xuanping Gong Xiaoyu Cheng Cheng Cheng Quangui Li Jizhao Xu Yu Wang Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology Applied Sciences L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting coal seam fracturing and permeability enhancement response surface model LS-DYNA |
| title | Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full | Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology |
| title_short | Optimization of Key Parameters for Coal Seam L-CO<sub>2</sub> Phase Transition Blasting Based on Response Surface Methodology |
| title_sort | optimization of key parameters for coal seam l co sub 2 sub phase transition blasting based on response surface methodology |
| topic | L-CO<sub>2</sub> phase transition blasting coal seam fracturing and permeability enhancement response surface model LS-DYNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/612 |
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