Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception
Orientation entropy serves as a critical metric for assessing the directional disorder of urban street networks. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) approaches neglect vertical variations, limiting their applicability in cities with complex terrains. This study proposes a three-dimensional (3...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Buildings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2460 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850078278976536576 |
|---|---|
| author | Hao Rao Leyao Chen Cui Liu |
| author_facet | Hao Rao Leyao Chen Cui Liu |
| author_sort | Hao Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Orientation entropy serves as a critical metric for assessing the directional disorder of urban street networks. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) approaches neglect vertical variations, limiting their applicability in cities with complex terrains. This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) orientation entropy framework by integrating elevation data, providing a more comprehensive assessment of urban spatial complexity. We developed a computational workflow combining ArcGIS 10.8 for spatial data extraction and Python 3.10.10 for entropy calculation. A case study in Chongqing, China, explores the relationship between 3D orientation entropy and residents’ perceptions of spatial disorder through a small-scale survey. Although no statistically significant correlation was observed, the findings suggest emerging patterns and underscore the necessity of multidimensional frameworks in evaluating urban spatial experience. This research contributes a novel metric to urban design assessment, particularly in topographically diverse environments, and offers a foundation for future empirical studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9fcabe448dca4fa49e61ba228adc25cf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-9fcabe448dca4fa49e61ba228adc25cf2025-08-20T02:45:34ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-07-011514246010.3390/buildings15142460Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental PerceptionHao Rao0Leyao Chen1Cui Liu2College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaOrientation entropy serves as a critical metric for assessing the directional disorder of urban street networks. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) approaches neglect vertical variations, limiting their applicability in cities with complex terrains. This study proposes a three-dimensional (3D) orientation entropy framework by integrating elevation data, providing a more comprehensive assessment of urban spatial complexity. We developed a computational workflow combining ArcGIS 10.8 for spatial data extraction and Python 3.10.10 for entropy calculation. A case study in Chongqing, China, explores the relationship between 3D orientation entropy and residents’ perceptions of spatial disorder through a small-scale survey. Although no statistically significant correlation was observed, the findings suggest emerging patterns and underscore the necessity of multidimensional frameworks in evaluating urban spatial experience. This research contributes a novel metric to urban design assessment, particularly in topographically diverse environments, and offers a foundation for future empirical studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2460three-dimensional orientation entropyurban spatial complexitystreet network analysisenvironmental perceptionurban design metrics |
| spellingShingle | Hao Rao Leyao Chen Cui Liu Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception Buildings three-dimensional orientation entropy urban spatial complexity street network analysis environmental perception urban design metrics |
| title | Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception |
| title_full | Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception |
| title_short | Quantifying Three-Dimensional Street Network Orientation Entropy in Chongqing, China: Implications for Urban Spatial Order and Environmental Perception |
| title_sort | quantifying three dimensional street network orientation entropy in chongqing china implications for urban spatial order and environmental perception |
| topic | three-dimensional orientation entropy urban spatial complexity street network analysis environmental perception urban design metrics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2460 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haorao quantifyingthreedimensionalstreetnetworkorientationentropyinchongqingchinaimplicationsforurbanspatialorderandenvironmentalperception AT leyaochen quantifyingthreedimensionalstreetnetworkorientationentropyinchongqingchinaimplicationsforurbanspatialorderandenvironmentalperception AT cuiliu quantifyingthreedimensionalstreetnetworkorientationentropyinchongqingchinaimplicationsforurbanspatialorderandenvironmentalperception |