Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Objective: To utilize the integrated behavioural model (IBM) for identifying predictors of utilization of state-funded health insurance in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the household survey was conducted across ten districts of the KP province durin...

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Main Authors: Junaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui, Waqas Hameed, Mahnoor Fatima, Shifa Salman Habib, Kiran Sohail Azeemi, Ali Hussaini, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Adil Haider, Sameen Siddiqi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pakistan Medical Association 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Online Access:https://jpma.org.pk/index.php/public_html/article/view/22960
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author Junaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui
Waqas Hameed
Mahnoor Fatima
Shifa Salman Habib
Kiran Sohail Azeemi
Ali Hussaini
Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant
Adil Haider
Sameen Siddiqi
author_facet Junaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui
Waqas Hameed
Mahnoor Fatima
Shifa Salman Habib
Kiran Sohail Azeemi
Ali Hussaini
Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant
Adil Haider
Sameen Siddiqi
author_sort Junaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To utilize the integrated behavioural model (IBM) for identifying predictors of utilization of state-funded health insurance in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the household survey was conducted across ten districts of the KP province during Nov 22-Feb 23 which included a total of 1750 households. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to identify and validate the emerging factors, respectively. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to validate the causal relationships in the final model. Results: Six factors were identified through EFA namely, Perception of Financial Protection, Perceived Benefits around Sehat Card Plus Programme (SCP-P), Perceived Norm around SCP-P, Personal Agency to use SCP-P, Intention to use SCP-P, and Knowledge of SCP-P. Factors’ reliability and validity were established using CFA with coefficients > 0.7.The final structural model yielded a good fit with a Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) <0.06 and Comparative Fit Index (CFA) >0.97. Perception of financial protection (B=-0.3) is inversely related to how people viewed the benefits of using SCP. In other words, the more people feel financially protected, the fewer benefits they see in the SCP-P. People's intention to use SCP in the future was mostly influenced by two factor: first, whether they felt using SCP was the norm (B= 0.6) or expected behaviour in the society like by friends and family, and second, whether they believed using SCP would be beneficial (B= 0.5). People's actual use of SCP in the past year was dependant on intention to use the programme (B=0.2), their knowledge as to how much they know about it (B=0.2), and their personal ability or control over using it (B=0.3). Conclusion: The analyses guide SCP-P’s communication and engagement strategy, emphasizing that programme efforts should focus on promoting positive perceptions and norms surrounding SCP, highlighting its benefits, providing education and information to enhance knowledge about SCP, and empowering individuals with a sense of personal agency to improve SCP utilization in the province. Keywords: Integrated Behavioural Model (IBM), Health Insurance Utilization. Behaviour Model Validation, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Perception of Financial Protection.
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spelling doaj-art-9fa81b4df4b947408890107fad0a40e72025-08-20T03:39:56ZengPakistan Medical AssociationJournal of the Pakistan Medical Association0030-99822024-11-017411 (Supple-11)10.47391/JPMA.SCPP-09Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, PakistanJunaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui0Waqas Hameed1Mahnoor Fatima2Shifa Salman Habib3Kiran Sohail Azeemi4Ali Hussaini5Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant6Adil Haider7Sameen Siddiqi8Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;The Clinical and Translational Research Centre, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Objective: To utilize the integrated behavioural model (IBM) for identifying predictors of utilization of state-funded health insurance in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, the household survey was conducted across ten districts of the KP province during Nov 22-Feb 23 which included a total of 1750 households. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to identify and validate the emerging factors, respectively. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to validate the causal relationships in the final model. Results: Six factors were identified through EFA namely, Perception of Financial Protection, Perceived Benefits around Sehat Card Plus Programme (SCP-P), Perceived Norm around SCP-P, Personal Agency to use SCP-P, Intention to use SCP-P, and Knowledge of SCP-P. Factors’ reliability and validity were established using CFA with coefficients > 0.7.The final structural model yielded a good fit with a Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) <0.06 and Comparative Fit Index (CFA) >0.97. Perception of financial protection (B=-0.3) is inversely related to how people viewed the benefits of using SCP. In other words, the more people feel financially protected, the fewer benefits they see in the SCP-P. People's intention to use SCP in the future was mostly influenced by two factor: first, whether they felt using SCP was the norm (B= 0.6) or expected behaviour in the society like by friends and family, and second, whether they believed using SCP would be beneficial (B= 0.5). People's actual use of SCP in the past year was dependant on intention to use the programme (B=0.2), their knowledge as to how much they know about it (B=0.2), and their personal ability or control over using it (B=0.3). Conclusion: The analyses guide SCP-P’s communication and engagement strategy, emphasizing that programme efforts should focus on promoting positive perceptions and norms surrounding SCP, highlighting its benefits, providing education and information to enhance knowledge about SCP, and empowering individuals with a sense of personal agency to improve SCP utilization in the province. Keywords: Integrated Behavioural Model (IBM), Health Insurance Utilization. Behaviour Model Validation, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Perception of Financial Protection. https://jpma.org.pk/index.php/public_html/article/view/22960
spellingShingle Junaid Ur Rehman Siddiqui
Waqas Hameed
Mahnoor Fatima
Shifa Salman Habib
Kiran Sohail Azeemi
Ali Hussaini
Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant
Adil Haider
Sameen Siddiqi
Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
title Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
title_full Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
title_fullStr Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
title_short Applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state-funded health insurance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan
title_sort applying the integrated behavioural model to identify predictors of utilisation of state funded health insurance in khyber pakhtunkhwa province pakistan
url https://jpma.org.pk/index.php/public_html/article/view/22960
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