The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum

Human males face tradeoffs in how they invest resources toward mating and parenting. Research on male’s transition to fatherhood has revealed shifts in hormones tied to these tradeoffs. While work has focused on the influence of hormones on parenting during this stage, less is known about how these...

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Main Authors: Rylei L. Donovan, Randy Corpuz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1447640/full
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author Rylei L. Donovan
Randy Corpuz
author_facet Rylei L. Donovan
Randy Corpuz
author_sort Rylei L. Donovan
collection DOAJ
description Human males face tradeoffs in how they invest resources toward mating and parenting. Research on male’s transition to fatherhood has revealed shifts in hormones tied to these tradeoffs. While work has focused on the influence of hormones on parenting during this stage, less is known about how these hormones influence mating (i.e., relationship functioning with partner) in the postnatal period. A father’s relationship satisfaction is expected to be related to endocrine activity across the transition to parenthood. We predicted that first-time fathers with high testosterone (T) would report lower relationship satisfaction. We expected this effect to be amplified (moderation) for those males with lower cortisol (CORT) levels (i.e., dual hormone hypothesis). At 3 months postpartum we measured salivary T and CORT (n = 220) and recorded relationship satisfaction using the Investment Model Scale (IMS). We found that fathers with high T and low CORT had the highest relationship satisfaction. While the effect was small, these findings ran counter to our predictions. We speculate that higher T and lower CORT males may report increased satisfaction as they support, retain, and secure additional opportunities from a mate who recently demonstrated her ability (and willingness) to produce offspring. Discussion focuses on numerous limitations of the study, small effect size, and the need for replication with less homogenous samples.
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spelling doaj-art-9fa66945cd9b4c64ad135a8b68795e012025-08-20T01:55:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-05-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14476401447640The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartumRylei L. Donovan0Randy Corpuz1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United StatesHuman males face tradeoffs in how they invest resources toward mating and parenting. Research on male’s transition to fatherhood has revealed shifts in hormones tied to these tradeoffs. While work has focused on the influence of hormones on parenting during this stage, less is known about how these hormones influence mating (i.e., relationship functioning with partner) in the postnatal period. A father’s relationship satisfaction is expected to be related to endocrine activity across the transition to parenthood. We predicted that first-time fathers with high testosterone (T) would report lower relationship satisfaction. We expected this effect to be amplified (moderation) for those males with lower cortisol (CORT) levels (i.e., dual hormone hypothesis). At 3 months postpartum we measured salivary T and CORT (n = 220) and recorded relationship satisfaction using the Investment Model Scale (IMS). We found that fathers with high T and low CORT had the highest relationship satisfaction. While the effect was small, these findings ran counter to our predictions. We speculate that higher T and lower CORT males may report increased satisfaction as they support, retain, and secure additional opportunities from a mate who recently demonstrated her ability (and willingness) to produce offspring. Discussion focuses on numerous limitations of the study, small effect size, and the need for replication with less homogenous samples.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1447640/fullfatherstestosteronecortisoldual hormonerelationships
spellingShingle Rylei L. Donovan
Randy Corpuz
The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
Frontiers in Psychology
fathers
testosterone
cortisol
dual hormone
relationships
title The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
title_full The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
title_fullStr The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
title_full_unstemmed The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
title_short The dual-hormone hypothesis and first-time fathers’ relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
title_sort dual hormone hypothesis and first time fathers relationship satisfaction at 3 months postpartum
topic fathers
testosterone
cortisol
dual hormone
relationships
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1447640/full
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