Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture

Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly in regions vulnerable to extreme temperatures and water scarcity, such as Irbid, Jordan. This study assesses the future impacts of projected shifts in precipitation and temperature on wheat yields, using the Decisio...

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Main Authors: Safa E. El-Mahroug, Ayman A. Suleiman, Mutaz M. Zoubi, Saif Al-Omari, Qusay Y. Abu-Afifeh, Heba F. Al-Jawaldeh, Yazan A. Alta’any, Tariq M. F. Al-Nawaiseh, Nisreen Obeidat, Shahed H. Alsoud, Areen M. Alshoshan, Fayha M. Al-Shibli, Rakad Ta’any
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:AgriEngineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/156
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author Safa E. El-Mahroug
Ayman A. Suleiman
Mutaz M. Zoubi
Saif Al-Omari
Qusay Y. Abu-Afifeh
Heba F. Al-Jawaldeh
Yazan A. Alta’any
Tariq M. F. Al-Nawaiseh
Nisreen Obeidat
Shahed H. Alsoud
Areen M. Alshoshan
Fayha M. Al-Shibli
Rakad Ta’any
author_facet Safa E. El-Mahroug
Ayman A. Suleiman
Mutaz M. Zoubi
Saif Al-Omari
Qusay Y. Abu-Afifeh
Heba F. Al-Jawaldeh
Yazan A. Alta’any
Tariq M. F. Al-Nawaiseh
Nisreen Obeidat
Shahed H. Alsoud
Areen M. Alshoshan
Fayha M. Al-Shibli
Rakad Ta’any
author_sort Safa E. El-Mahroug
collection DOAJ
description Climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly in regions vulnerable to extreme temperatures and water scarcity, such as Irbid, Jordan. This study assesses the future impacts of projected shifts in precipitation and temperature on wheat yields, using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model for calibrating and validating under local agro-environmental conditions. Two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), representing high-emission and fossil-fuel-intensive futures, were evaluated across mid- and late-century periods (2030–2060 and 2070–2100). The DSSAT model was calibrated using local field data to simulate crop phenology, biomass accumulation, and nitrogen dynamics, showing strong agreement with observed grain yield and harvest index, thereby confirming its reliability for climate impact assessments. Yield projections under each scenario were further analyzed using machine learning algorithms—random forest and gradient boosting regression—to quantify the influence of individual climate variables. The results showed that under SSP5-8.5 (2030–2060), precipitation was the dominant factor influencing yield variability, underscoring the critical role of water availability. In contrast, under SSP3-7.0 (2070–2100), rising maximum temperatures became the primary constraint, highlighting the growing risk of heat stress. Predictive accuracy was higher in precipitation-dominated scenarios (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.81) than in temperature-dominated cases (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65–0.73), reflecting greater complexity under extreme warming. These findings emphasize the value of integrating well-calibrated crop models with climate projections and machine learning tools to support climate-resilient agricultural planning. Moreover, practical adaptation strategies, such as adjusting planting dates, using heat-tolerant varieties, and optimizing irrigation, are recommended to enhance resilience. Emerging techniques such as seed priming show promise and merit integration into future crop models. The findings support SDG 2 and SDG 13 by informing climate-resilient food production strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-9fa0c0fb478e4b17bb06c9f054bd4b152025-08-20T02:33:39ZengMDPI AGAgriEngineering2624-74022025-05-017515610.3390/agriengineering7050156Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable AgricultureSafa E. El-Mahroug0Ayman A. Suleiman1Mutaz M. Zoubi2Saif Al-Omari3Qusay Y. Abu-Afifeh4Heba F. Al-Jawaldeh5Yazan A. Alta’any6Tariq M. F. Al-Nawaiseh7Nisreen Obeidat8Shahed H. Alsoud9Areen M. Alshoshan10Fayha M. Al-Shibli11Rakad Ta’any12Department of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Water and Environmental Engineering, Scientific Sustainable Vision Company, Amman 11194, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Civil Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Land, Water and Environment, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Water Resources and Environmental Management, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, JordanClimate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, particularly in regions vulnerable to extreme temperatures and water scarcity, such as Irbid, Jordan. This study assesses the future impacts of projected shifts in precipitation and temperature on wheat yields, using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model for calibrating and validating under local agro-environmental conditions. Two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5), representing high-emission and fossil-fuel-intensive futures, were evaluated across mid- and late-century periods (2030–2060 and 2070–2100). The DSSAT model was calibrated using local field data to simulate crop phenology, biomass accumulation, and nitrogen dynamics, showing strong agreement with observed grain yield and harvest index, thereby confirming its reliability for climate impact assessments. Yield projections under each scenario were further analyzed using machine learning algorithms—random forest and gradient boosting regression—to quantify the influence of individual climate variables. The results showed that under SSP5-8.5 (2030–2060), precipitation was the dominant factor influencing yield variability, underscoring the critical role of water availability. In contrast, under SSP3-7.0 (2070–2100), rising maximum temperatures became the primary constraint, highlighting the growing risk of heat stress. Predictive accuracy was higher in precipitation-dominated scenarios (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.81) than in temperature-dominated cases (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65–0.73), reflecting greater complexity under extreme warming. These findings emphasize the value of integrating well-calibrated crop models with climate projections and machine learning tools to support climate-resilient agricultural planning. Moreover, practical adaptation strategies, such as adjusting planting dates, using heat-tolerant varieties, and optimizing irrigation, are recommended to enhance resilience. Emerging techniques such as seed priming show promise and merit integration into future crop models. The findings support SDG 2 and SDG 13 by informing climate-resilient food production strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/156climate scenarioscrop–climate interactiondata-driven agriculturegradient boostingheat and water stressmachine learning
spellingShingle Safa E. El-Mahroug
Ayman A. Suleiman
Mutaz M. Zoubi
Saif Al-Omari
Qusay Y. Abu-Afifeh
Heba F. Al-Jawaldeh
Yazan A. Alta’any
Tariq M. F. Al-Nawaiseh
Nisreen Obeidat
Shahed H. Alsoud
Areen M. Alshoshan
Fayha M. Al-Shibli
Rakad Ta’any
Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
AgriEngineering
climate scenarios
crop–climate interaction
data-driven agriculture
gradient boosting
heat and water stress
machine learning
title Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
title_full Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
title_fullStr Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
title_full_unstemmed Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
title_short Predictive Modeling of Climate-Driven Crop Yield Variability Using DSSAT Towards Sustainable Agriculture
title_sort predictive modeling of climate driven crop yield variability using dssat towards sustainable agriculture
topic climate scenarios
crop–climate interaction
data-driven agriculture
gradient boosting
heat and water stress
machine learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-7402/7/5/156
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