Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
The P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> cathode material has long been constrained by phase transitions induced by the Jahn–Teller (J–T) effect during charge–discharge cycles, leading to suboptimal electrochemical performance. In this study, we employed a liquid phase co-pr...
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| author | Kexin Zheng Jiawei Wang Haifeng Wang Zhengqing Pei Qian Wang Xinjie Zhou Dehua Ma Ju Lu |
| author_facet | Kexin Zheng Jiawei Wang Haifeng Wang Zhengqing Pei Qian Wang Xinjie Zhou Dehua Ma Ju Lu |
| author_sort | Kexin Zheng |
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| description | The P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> cathode material has long been constrained by phase transitions induced by the Jahn–Teller (J–T) effect during charge–discharge cycles, leading to suboptimal electrochemical performance. In this study, we employed a liquid phase co-precipitation method to incorporate Ti during the precursor Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> synthesis, followed by calcination to obtain Na<sub>0.7</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>(1−x)</sub>O<sub>2.05</sub> materials. We investigated the effects of Ti doping on the structure, morphology, Mn<sup>3+</sup> concentration, and Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficients of Na<sub>0.7</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>(1−x)</sub>O<sub>2.05</sub>. Our findings revealed that the 7% Ti-doped NTMO-007 sample exhibited reduced grain agglomeration and smaller particle sizes compared to the undoped sample, thereby enhancing the electrode–electrolyte contact area and electrochemical activity. Additionally, Ti doping increased the crystal cell volume of Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> and broadened the Na<sup>+</sup> transport channels, significantly enhancing the Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficient. At a 0.5 C rate, the NTMO-007 sample demonstrated a specific capacity of 143.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with an 81.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles, markedly outperforming the undoped NMO sample, which had a capacity retention of only 61.5%. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9f97ebbffdde49d6bd11928cb973e5b32025-08-20T02:01:28ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-12-011424198910.3390/nano14241989Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion BatteriesKexin Zheng0Jiawei Wang1Haifeng Wang2Zhengqing Pei3Qian Wang4Xinjie Zhou5Dehua Ma6Ju Lu7School of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaThe P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> cathode material has long been constrained by phase transitions induced by the Jahn–Teller (J–T) effect during charge–discharge cycles, leading to suboptimal electrochemical performance. In this study, we employed a liquid phase co-precipitation method to incorporate Ti during the precursor Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> synthesis, followed by calcination to obtain Na<sub>0.7</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>(1−x)</sub>O<sub>2.05</sub> materials. We investigated the effects of Ti doping on the structure, morphology, Mn<sup>3+</sup> concentration, and Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficients of Na<sub>0.7</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>(1−x)</sub>O<sub>2.05</sub>. Our findings revealed that the 7% Ti-doped NTMO-007 sample exhibited reduced grain agglomeration and smaller particle sizes compared to the undoped sample, thereby enhancing the electrode–electrolyte contact area and electrochemical activity. Additionally, Ti doping increased the crystal cell volume of Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> and broadened the Na<sup>+</sup> transport channels, significantly enhancing the Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion coefficient. At a 0.5 C rate, the NTMO-007 sample demonstrated a specific capacity of 143.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> with an 81.8% capacity retention after 100 cycles, markedly outperforming the undoped NMO sample, which had a capacity retention of only 61.5%.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/1989manganese base sodium-ion batteryTi<sup>4+</sup> dopingliquid-phase doping |
| spellingShingle | Kexin Zheng Jiawei Wang Haifeng Wang Zhengqing Pei Qian Wang Xinjie Zhou Dehua Ma Ju Lu Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries Nanomaterials manganese base sodium-ion battery Ti<sup>4+</sup> doping liquid-phase doping |
| title | Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Effects of Ti<sup>4+</sup> Doping on the Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Layered P2-Na<sub>0.7</sub>MnO<sub>2.05</sub> Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | effects of ti sup 4 sup doping on the structural stability and electrochemical performance of layered p2 na sub 0 7 sub mno sub 2 05 sub cathodes for sodium ion batteries |
| topic | manganese base sodium-ion battery Ti<sup>4+</sup> doping liquid-phase doping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/24/1989 |
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