Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks
This article reports on a millimeter-wave (MM-wave) signal down-conversion system with low phase noise for chip-scaled optical clocks. The system utilizes analog regenerative frequency division, low-noise fractional frequency division, and phase-locked frequency division techniques to down-convert a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1041 |
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| author | Shuai Li Lulu Yan Enrang Zheng Zhijing Du Jun Ruan Shougang Zhang |
| author_facet | Shuai Li Lulu Yan Enrang Zheng Zhijing Du Jun Ruan Shougang Zhang |
| author_sort | Shuai Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article reports on a millimeter-wave (MM-wave) signal down-conversion system with low phase noise for chip-scaled optical clocks. The system utilizes analog regenerative frequency division, low-noise fractional frequency division, and phase-locked frequency division techniques to down-convert a 100 GHz MM-wave signal to 100 MHz with phase noise of −117 dBc/Hz @100 Hz, −133 dBc/Hz @1 kHz, and 10 MHz with phase noise of −124 dBc/Hz @100 Hz and −143 dBc/Hz @1 kHz. The frequency stability of the signal down-converted to 100 MHz is 5.0 × 10<sup>−15</sup> @ 1 s and 1.8 × 10<sup>−16</sup> @ 1000 s, while the frequency stability of the 10 MHz signal is 5.7 × 10<sup>−14</sup> @ 1 s and 5.9 × 10<sup>−16</sup> @1000 s, both of which decrease to the 10<sup>−16</sup> level at 10,000 s. This down-conversion system meets the frequency conversion requirements of state-of-the-art chip-based optical clocks and micro-cavity optical combs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9f96be4e7d714c2aba274e9c6646b3bd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-9f96be4e7d714c2aba274e9c6646b3bd2025-08-20T03:12:23ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254104110.3390/s25041041Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical ClocksShuai Li0Lulu Yan1Enrang Zheng2Zhijing Du3Jun Ruan4Shougang Zhang5School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaSchool of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaNational Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, ChinaThis article reports on a millimeter-wave (MM-wave) signal down-conversion system with low phase noise for chip-scaled optical clocks. The system utilizes analog regenerative frequency division, low-noise fractional frequency division, and phase-locked frequency division techniques to down-convert a 100 GHz MM-wave signal to 100 MHz with phase noise of −117 dBc/Hz @100 Hz, −133 dBc/Hz @1 kHz, and 10 MHz with phase noise of −124 dBc/Hz @100 Hz and −143 dBc/Hz @1 kHz. The frequency stability of the signal down-converted to 100 MHz is 5.0 × 10<sup>−15</sup> @ 1 s and 1.8 × 10<sup>−16</sup> @ 1000 s, while the frequency stability of the 10 MHz signal is 5.7 × 10<sup>−14</sup> @ 1 s and 5.9 × 10<sup>−16</sup> @1000 s, both of which decrease to the 10<sup>−16</sup> level at 10,000 s. This down-conversion system meets the frequency conversion requirements of state-of-the-art chip-based optical clocks and micro-cavity optical combs.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1041millimeter-wavechip-scaled optical clockdown-conversionregenerative frequency division |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Li Lulu Yan Enrang Zheng Zhijing Du Jun Ruan Shougang Zhang Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks Sensors millimeter-wave chip-scaled optical clock down-conversion regenerative frequency division |
| title | Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks |
| title_full | Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks |
| title_fullStr | Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks |
| title_short | Low-Noise Millimeter-Wave Down-Conversion Technology for Chip-Scaled Optical Clocks |
| title_sort | low noise millimeter wave down conversion technology for chip scaled optical clocks |
| topic | millimeter-wave chip-scaled optical clock down-conversion regenerative frequency division |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1041 |
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