New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement
<i>Salvia officinalis</i> is an aromatic plant of Mediterranean origin traditionally used to treat inflammatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive diseases. In this work, the ability of the <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in the treatment of gastric ulcers was evalua...
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2025-08-01
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| author | Yacine Nait Bachir Ryma Nait Bachir Meriem Medjkane Nouara Boudjema Roberta Foligni |
| author_facet | Yacine Nait Bachir Ryma Nait Bachir Meriem Medjkane Nouara Boudjema Roberta Foligni |
| author_sort | Yacine Nait Bachir |
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| description | <i>Salvia officinalis</i> is an aromatic plant of Mediterranean origin traditionally used to treat inflammatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive diseases. In this work, the ability of the <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in the treatment of gastric ulcers was evaluated, and an innovative administration system was proposed to increase the therapeutic effect of this plant. <i>Salvia officinalis</i> ethanolic extract was prepared and analyzed by HPLC/UV-DAD and encapsulated in a matrix based on gelatin and pectin using an emulsion–coacervation process. The prepared microcapsules were analyzed by laser particle size, optical microscopy, in vitro dissolution kinetics, and ex vivo bioadhesion. In order to determine the action mechanism of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract, in the treatment of gastric ulcer, the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats, using the ulcer model induced by ethanol; the in vivo anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> activity; and in vitro inhibitory activity of H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were carried out. These three biological activities were evaluated for ethanolic extract and microcapsules to determine the effect of formulation on biological activities. Ethanolic extract of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> was mainly composed of polyphenols (chlorogenic acid 7.43%, rutin 21.74%, rosmarinic acid 5.88%, and quercitrin 14.39%). Microencapsulation of this extract allowed us to obtain microcapsules of 104.2 ± 7.5 µm in diameter, an encapsulation rate of 96.57 ± 3.05%, and adequate bioadhesion. The kinetics of in vitro dissolution of the extract increase significantly after its microencapsulation. Percentages of ulcer inhibition for 100 mg/kg of extract increase from 71.71 ± 2.43% to 89.67 ± 2.54% after microencapsulation. In vitro H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-inhibiting activity resulted in an IC50 of 86.08 ± 8.69 µM/h/mg protein for free extract and 57.43 ± 5.78 µM/h/mg protein for encapsulated extract. Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> activity showed a similar Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL for the extract and microcapsules. <i>Salvia officinalis</i> ethanolic extract has a significant efficacy for the treatment of gastric ulcer; its mechanism of action is based on its gastroprotective effect, anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase inhibitor. Moreover, the microencapsulation of this extract increases its gastroprotective and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-inhibiting activities significantly. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9f863e69ced144b3aa0518639c9c975e |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9f863e69ced144b3aa0518639c9c975e2025-08-20T03:36:27ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-08-011415275710.3390/foods14152757New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity EnhancementYacine Nait Bachir0Ryma Nait Bachir1Meriem Medjkane2Nouara Boudjema3Roberta Foligni4University of Blida 1, BP 270 Route Soumâa, Blida 09000, AlgeriaElbe Klinikum Stade, Bremervörder Straße 111, 21682 Stade, GermanyDepartment of Biology, Institute Life and Natural Sciences, University Center Nour Bachir El Bayadh, El Bayadh 32000, AlgeriaUniversity of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers 16000, AlgeriaDepartment of Human Sciences and Promoting of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy<i>Salvia officinalis</i> is an aromatic plant of Mediterranean origin traditionally used to treat inflammatory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and digestive diseases. In this work, the ability of the <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract in the treatment of gastric ulcers was evaluated, and an innovative administration system was proposed to increase the therapeutic effect of this plant. <i>Salvia officinalis</i> ethanolic extract was prepared and analyzed by HPLC/UV-DAD and encapsulated in a matrix based on gelatin and pectin using an emulsion–coacervation process. The prepared microcapsules were analyzed by laser particle size, optical microscopy, in vitro dissolution kinetics, and ex vivo bioadhesion. In order to determine the action mechanism of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> extract, in the treatment of gastric ulcer, the in vivo anti-ulcerogenic activity in rats, using the ulcer model induced by ethanol; the in vivo anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> activity; and in vitro inhibitory activity of H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase were carried out. These three biological activities were evaluated for ethanolic extract and microcapsules to determine the effect of formulation on biological activities. Ethanolic extract of <i>Salvia officinalis</i> was mainly composed of polyphenols (chlorogenic acid 7.43%, rutin 21.74%, rosmarinic acid 5.88%, and quercitrin 14.39%). Microencapsulation of this extract allowed us to obtain microcapsules of 104.2 ± 7.5 µm in diameter, an encapsulation rate of 96.57 ± 3.05%, and adequate bioadhesion. The kinetics of in vitro dissolution of the extract increase significantly after its microencapsulation. Percentages of ulcer inhibition for 100 mg/kg of extract increase from 71.71 ± 2.43% to 89.67 ± 2.54% after microencapsulation. In vitro H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-inhibiting activity resulted in an IC50 of 86.08 ± 8.69 µM/h/mg protein for free extract and 57.43 ± 5.78 µM/h/mg protein for encapsulated extract. Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> activity showed a similar Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL for the extract and microcapsules. <i>Salvia officinalis</i> ethanolic extract has a significant efficacy for the treatment of gastric ulcer; its mechanism of action is based on its gastroprotective effect, anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase inhibitor. Moreover, the microencapsulation of this extract increases its gastroprotective and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-inhibiting activities significantly.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2757microencapsulationemulsion–coacervationanti-ulcerogenicanti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase inhibitionin vitro dissolution |
| spellingShingle | Yacine Nait Bachir Ryma Nait Bachir Meriem Medjkane Nouara Boudjema Roberta Foligni New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement Foods microencapsulation emulsion–coacervation anti-ulcerogenic anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase inhibition in vitro dissolution |
| title | New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement |
| title_full | New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement |
| title_fullStr | New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement |
| title_short | New Functional Food for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Based on Bioadhesive Microparticles Containing Sage Extract: Anti-Ulcerogenic, Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, and H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase-Inhibiting Activity Enhancement |
| title_sort | new functional food for the treatment of gastric ulcer based on bioadhesive microparticles containing sage extract anti ulcerogenic anti i helicobacter pylori i and h sup sup k sup sup atpase inhibiting activity enhancement |
| topic | microencapsulation emulsion–coacervation anti-ulcerogenic anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase inhibition in vitro dissolution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2757 |
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