Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression

Abstract Background Subclinical depression (ScD), serving as a significant precursor to depression, is a prevalent condition in college students and imposes a substantial health service burden. However, the brain network topology of ScD remains poorly understood, impeding our comprehension of the ne...

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Main Authors: Bo Zhang, Shuang Liu, Sitong Chen, Xiaoya Liu, Yufeng Ke, Shouliang Qi, Xinhua Wei, Dong Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Psychiatry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06609-6
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author Bo Zhang
Shuang Liu
Sitong Chen
Xiaoya Liu
Yufeng Ke
Shouliang Qi
Xinhua Wei
Dong Ming
author_facet Bo Zhang
Shuang Liu
Sitong Chen
Xiaoya Liu
Yufeng Ke
Shouliang Qi
Xinhua Wei
Dong Ming
author_sort Bo Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Subclinical depression (ScD), serving as a significant precursor to depression, is a prevalent condition in college students and imposes a substantial health service burden. However, the brain network topology of ScD remains poorly understood, impeding our comprehension of the neuropathology underlying ScD. Methods Functional networks of individuals with ScD (n = 26) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 33) were constructed based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data. These networks were then optimized using a small-worldness and modular similarity-based network thresholding method to ensure the robustness of functional networks. Subsequently, graph-theoretic methods were employed to investigated both global and nodal topological metrics of these functional networks. Results Compared to HCs, individuals with ScD exhibited significantly higher characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency, as well as a significantly lower global efficiency. Additionally, significantly lower nodal centrality metrics were found in the default mode network (DMN) regions (anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, precuneus) and occipital lobe in ScD, and the nodal efficiency of the left precuneus was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. Conclusions Altered global metrics indicate a disrupted small-world architecture and a typical shift toward regular configuration of functional networks in ScD, which may result in lower efficiency of information transmission in the brain of ScD. Moreover, lower nodal centrality in DMN regions suggest that DMN dysfunction is a neuroimaging characteristic shared by both ScD and major depressive disorder, and might serve as a vital factor promoting the development of depression.
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spelling doaj-art-9f7908b488f54dfcafeb4056437337092025-08-20T02:59:58ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2025-03-0125111210.1186/s12888-025-06609-6Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depressionBo Zhang0Shuang Liu1Sitong Chen2Xiaoya Liu3Yufeng Ke4Shouliang Qi5Xinhua Wei6Dong Ming7Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityTianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityCollege of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern UniversityDepartment of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of TechnologyTianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin UniversityAbstract Background Subclinical depression (ScD), serving as a significant precursor to depression, is a prevalent condition in college students and imposes a substantial health service burden. However, the brain network topology of ScD remains poorly understood, impeding our comprehension of the neuropathology underlying ScD. Methods Functional networks of individuals with ScD (n = 26) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 33) were constructed based on functional magnetic resonance imaging data. These networks were then optimized using a small-worldness and modular similarity-based network thresholding method to ensure the robustness of functional networks. Subsequently, graph-theoretic methods were employed to investigated both global and nodal topological metrics of these functional networks. Results Compared to HCs, individuals with ScD exhibited significantly higher characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, and local efficiency, as well as a significantly lower global efficiency. Additionally, significantly lower nodal centrality metrics were found in the default mode network (DMN) regions (anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, precuneus) and occipital lobe in ScD, and the nodal efficiency of the left precuneus was negatively correlated with the severity of depression. Conclusions Altered global metrics indicate a disrupted small-world architecture and a typical shift toward regular configuration of functional networks in ScD, which may result in lower efficiency of information transmission in the brain of ScD. Moreover, lower nodal centrality in DMN regions suggest that DMN dysfunction is a neuroimaging characteristic shared by both ScD and major depressive disorder, and might serve as a vital factor promoting the development of depression.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06609-6Default mode networkFunctional magnetic resonance imagingFunctional networkGraph theorySubclinical depression
spellingShingle Bo Zhang
Shuang Liu
Sitong Chen
Xiaoya Liu
Yufeng Ke
Shouliang Qi
Xinhua Wei
Dong Ming
Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
BMC Psychiatry
Default mode network
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional network
Graph theory
Subclinical depression
title Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
title_full Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
title_fullStr Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
title_full_unstemmed Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
title_short Disrupted small-world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
title_sort disrupted small world architecture and altered default mode network topology of brain functional network in college students with subclinical depression
topic Default mode network
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional network
Graph theory
Subclinical depression
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06609-6
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