Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus
Ag(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (AIGS) has been considered as a promising candidate material for the top cell of chalcopyrite-based tandem solar cells. In this work, the process of (AIGS) film growth by a three-stage molecular beam epitaxy method is studied. The diffusion of silver and grain gr...
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2017-01-01
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| author | Xianfeng Zhang Masakazu Kobayashi |
| author_facet | Xianfeng Zhang Masakazu Kobayashi |
| author_sort | Xianfeng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ag(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (AIGS) has been considered as a promising candidate material for the top cell of chalcopyrite-based tandem solar cells. In this work, the process of (AIGS) film growth by a three-stage molecular beam epitaxy method is studied. The diffusion of silver and grain growth of AIGS films from the first stage-deposited (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> is investigated. Energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping is used to reveal the distribution of silver in the film during each stage of the deposition process. A sharp silver accumulation at the surface of the film at the early stage of the deposition process is observed. This has led to the formation of a silver-rich phase, which gradually diffused into the film to produce a homogeneous distribution. X-ray diffraction results illustrate the phase changes of AIGS films. Based on the result, a growth model for AIGS films from the first stage to the second stage is suggested as (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> → Ag<sub>9</sub> (In, Ga)Se<sub>6 </sub> at the surface and (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> at the bottom of the film → silver-rich AIGS film. During the third stage, the silver-rich film was converted to silver-poor film. The performance of AIGS solar cells fabricated from various samples was compared, and a highest efficiency of 7.1% was obtained. |
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| id | doaj-art-9f6fe005fbce4e47a516624b30e95bea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9f6fe005fbce4e47a516624b30e95bea2025-08-20T03:32:32ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552017-01-01921910.1109/JPHOT.2017.26709237858727Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy ApparatusXianfeng Zhang0Masakazu Kobayashi1International Center for Science and Engineering Programs, Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience and Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science, Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanAg(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (AIGS) has been considered as a promising candidate material for the top cell of chalcopyrite-based tandem solar cells. In this work, the process of (AIGS) film growth by a three-stage molecular beam epitaxy method is studied. The diffusion of silver and grain growth of AIGS films from the first stage-deposited (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> is investigated. Energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping is used to reveal the distribution of silver in the film during each stage of the deposition process. A sharp silver accumulation at the surface of the film at the early stage of the deposition process is observed. This has led to the formation of a silver-rich phase, which gradually diffused into the film to produce a homogeneous distribution. X-ray diffraction results illustrate the phase changes of AIGS films. Based on the result, a growth model for AIGS films from the first stage to the second stage is suggested as (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> → Ag<sub>9</sub> (In, Ga)Se<sub>6 </sub> at the surface and (In, Ga)<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> at the bottom of the film → silver-rich AIGS film. During the third stage, the silver-rich film was converted to silver-poor film. The performance of AIGS solar cells fabricated from various samples was compared, and a highest efficiency of 7.1% was obtained.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7858727/Ag(InGa)Se<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content>three-stageAg diffusiongrowth mechanism. |
| spellingShingle | Xianfeng Zhang Masakazu Kobayashi Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus IEEE Photonics Journal Ag(In Ga)Se<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> three-stage Ag diffusion growth mechanism. |
| title | Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus |
| title_full | Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus |
| title_fullStr | Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus |
| title_short | Study on Growth Process of Ag(In, Ga)Se2 Films by a Three-Stage Co-Evaporation Method Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy Apparatus |
| title_sort | study on growth process of ag in ga se2 films by a three stage co evaporation method using molecular beam epitaxy apparatus |
| topic | Ag(In Ga)Se<named-content xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" content-type="math" xlink:type="simple"> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> </named-content> three-stage Ag diffusion growth mechanism. |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7858727/ |
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