Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients

Gravitational lenses are caused by massive astronomical objects that distort space-time, bending light. They can distort transient astrophysical events, such as supernovae (SN), which are the subject of extensive study. However, gravitationally-lensed supernovae are rare, with only a few detected so...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago, Piero Fraternali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Machine Learning: Science and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ade360
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849421441715404800
author Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago
Piero Fraternali
author_facet Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago
Piero Fraternali
author_sort Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago
collection DOAJ
description Gravitational lenses are caused by massive astronomical objects that distort space-time, bending light. They can distort transient astrophysical events, such as supernovae (SN), which are the subject of extensive study. However, gravitationally-lensed supernovae are rare, with only a few detected so far. Future astronomical surveys will collect huge amounts of data, calling for automated and accurate discovery techniques to find them. Still, only a few works aim to discover gravitationally-lensed supernovae, most use only a few classes to characterize candidate observations, and only a few exploit spatial and temporal information. This work introduces Hydra, a novel pipeline designed to process spatio-temporal data for identifying and counting astronomical objects, including gravitational lenses and transients. Hydra performs two tasks: (i) counting the occurrences of 7 types of astronomical objects within each observation and (ii) classifying candidate events and objects (e.g. gravitational lenses and transient events). Across four datasets, Hydra achieves an average macro F _1 score higher than 79% for the counting task and macro F _1 scores ranging from ${\approx}59\%$ to ${\approx}94\%$ for classification. These results demonstrate its potential for improving automated discovery in future astronomical surveys and for counting objects in multimodal data.
format Article
id doaj-art-9f6e534fea014ee587bbd6fbb59b696b
institution Kabale University
issn 2632-2153
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IOP Publishing
record_format Article
series Machine Learning: Science and Technology
spelling doaj-art-9f6e534fea014ee587bbd6fbb59b696b2025-08-20T03:31:27ZengIOP PublishingMachine Learning: Science and Technology2632-21532025-01-016202506710.1088/2632-2153/ade360Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transientsNicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7906-4987Piero Fraternali1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-2625Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering , Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering , Politecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyGravitational lenses are caused by massive astronomical objects that distort space-time, bending light. They can distort transient astrophysical events, such as supernovae (SN), which are the subject of extensive study. However, gravitationally-lensed supernovae are rare, with only a few detected so far. Future astronomical surveys will collect huge amounts of data, calling for automated and accurate discovery techniques to find them. Still, only a few works aim to discover gravitationally-lensed supernovae, most use only a few classes to characterize candidate observations, and only a few exploit spatial and temporal information. This work introduces Hydra, a novel pipeline designed to process spatio-temporal data for identifying and counting astronomical objects, including gravitational lenses and transients. Hydra performs two tasks: (i) counting the occurrences of 7 types of astronomical objects within each observation and (ii) classifying candidate events and objects (e.g. gravitational lenses and transient events). Across four datasets, Hydra achieves an average macro F _1 score higher than 79% for the counting task and macro F _1 scores ranging from ${\approx}59\%$ to ${\approx}94\%$ for classification. These results demonstrate its potential for improving automated discovery in future astronomical surveys and for counting objects in multimodal data.https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ade360multimodalordinal regressiongravitational lensensemblingtransient
spellingShingle Nicolò Oreste Pinciroli Vago
Piero Fraternali
Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
Machine Learning: Science and Technology
multimodal
ordinal regression
gravitational lens
ensembling
transient
title Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
title_full Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
title_fullStr Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
title_full_unstemmed Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
title_short Multimodal multi-output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally-lensed transients
title_sort multimodal multi output ordinal regression for discovering gravitationally lensed transients
topic multimodal
ordinal regression
gravitational lens
ensembling
transient
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ade360
work_keys_str_mv AT nicoloorestepincirolivago multimodalmultioutputordinalregressionfordiscoveringgravitationallylensedtransients
AT pierofraternali multimodalmultioutputordinalregressionfordiscoveringgravitationallylensedtransients