The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality

Bread serves as a crucial medium for developing functional foods. Functional bread enriched with glucosamine (GlcN) can be a dietary supplement to support joint health. This study investigated the retention of GlcN in bread and the formation of deoxyfructopyrazine (DOF) under various formulations. B...

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Main Authors: Ruiqi Sun, Mengdi Niu, Hao Liu, Jun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Food Chemistry: X
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525002792
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author Ruiqi Sun
Mengdi Niu
Hao Liu
Jun Wang
author_facet Ruiqi Sun
Mengdi Niu
Hao Liu
Jun Wang
author_sort Ruiqi Sun
collection DOAJ
description Bread serves as a crucial medium for developing functional foods. Functional bread enriched with glucosamine (GlcN) can be a dietary supplement to support joint health. This study investigated the retention of GlcN in bread and the formation of deoxyfructopyrazine (DOF) under various formulations. Bread samples containing GlcN and sugar alcohols demonstrated the highest GlcN retention, accounting for 69.7 %–71.0 % of the added GlcN, and exhibited the greatest production of DOF. The moisture distribution in the dough samples and the acetal reaction of sugars with DOF within bread system led to these outcomes. Additionally, bread with these additives displayed a darker and browner color than the control sample containing GlcN alone. Furthermore, 34 distinct flavor substances were identified across all bread samples. The study provides valuable insight for developing functional food utilizing GlcN, especially for baked foods.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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series Food Chemistry: X
spelling doaj-art-9f6a9b087eeb45f88d2ddc6918a8a2cb2025-08-20T02:31:26ZengElsevierFood Chemistry: X2590-15752025-04-012710243210.1016/j.fochx.2025.102432The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread qualityRuiqi Sun0Mengdi Niu1Hao Liu2Jun Wang3College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaCorresponding author at: College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.; College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaBread serves as a crucial medium for developing functional foods. Functional bread enriched with glucosamine (GlcN) can be a dietary supplement to support joint health. This study investigated the retention of GlcN in bread and the formation of deoxyfructopyrazine (DOF) under various formulations. Bread samples containing GlcN and sugar alcohols demonstrated the highest GlcN retention, accounting for 69.7 %–71.0 % of the added GlcN, and exhibited the greatest production of DOF. The moisture distribution in the dough samples and the acetal reaction of sugars with DOF within bread system led to these outcomes. Additionally, bread with these additives displayed a darker and browner color than the control sample containing GlcN alone. Furthermore, 34 distinct flavor substances were identified across all bread samples. The study provides valuable insight for developing functional food utilizing GlcN, especially for baked foods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525002792BreadGlucosamineDeoxyfructopyrazineAcetal reactionMoisture
spellingShingle Ruiqi Sun
Mengdi Niu
Hao Liu
Jun Wang
The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
Food Chemistry: X
Bread
Glucosamine
Deoxyfructopyrazine
Acetal reaction
Moisture
title The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
title_full The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
title_fullStr The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
title_full_unstemmed The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
title_short The conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
title_sort conversion of glucosamine to deoxyfructosazine and its impact on bread quality
topic Bread
Glucosamine
Deoxyfructopyrazine
Acetal reaction
Moisture
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525002792
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