Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation

Supercapacitors (SCs) are increasingly recognized as a reliable energy storage solution in various industrial applications due to their high power density and exceptionally long lifespan. SC-powered systems demand precise parameter identification to enable effective energy management. Although vario...

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Main Authors: Arsalan Rasoolzadeh, Sayed Amir Hashemi, Majid Pahlevani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1876
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author Arsalan Rasoolzadeh
Sayed Amir Hashemi
Majid Pahlevani
author_facet Arsalan Rasoolzadeh
Sayed Amir Hashemi
Majid Pahlevani
author_sort Arsalan Rasoolzadeh
collection DOAJ
description Supercapacitors (SCs) are increasingly recognized as a reliable energy storage solution in various industrial applications due to their high power density and exceptionally long lifespan. SC-powered systems demand precise parameter identification to enable effective energy management. Although various approaches exist for the offline identification of SCs, some parameters depend on factors such as state of health (SoH), aging, temperature, and their combination. Consequently, the variation in parameter values under different conditions highlights the importance of online identification based on a dynamic model structure. Among various SC models proposed in the literature, fractional-order models offer greater accuracy, making them a superior choice for SC modeling. However, the conventional formulation in these models requires a very long window of samples and coefficients for filter implementation. Additionally, due to the several orders of magnitude difference in the elements of matrices, numerical instability can arise, leading to errors and drift in the final calculations. In this paper, a novel online identification approach is introduced for differential order estimation in fractional-order SC models. The proposed method significantly shortens the long window while maintaining accuracy, making it feasible for implementation in low-cost microcontrollers and a viable solution for real-world applications. In addition, the proposed method addresses the drift error by applying online least squares error estimation that aligns it with its offline estimated value.
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spelling doaj-art-9f5e99cd8a504e4aa3ebf506bd2212c02025-08-20T02:28:20ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01188187610.3390/en18081876Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical ImplementationArsalan Rasoolzadeh0Sayed Amir Hashemi1Majid Pahlevani2ePower Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaePower Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaePower Laboratory, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, CanadaSupercapacitors (SCs) are increasingly recognized as a reliable energy storage solution in various industrial applications due to their high power density and exceptionally long lifespan. SC-powered systems demand precise parameter identification to enable effective energy management. Although various approaches exist for the offline identification of SCs, some parameters depend on factors such as state of health (SoH), aging, temperature, and their combination. Consequently, the variation in parameter values under different conditions highlights the importance of online identification based on a dynamic model structure. Among various SC models proposed in the literature, fractional-order models offer greater accuracy, making them a superior choice for SC modeling. However, the conventional formulation in these models requires a very long window of samples and coefficients for filter implementation. Additionally, due to the several orders of magnitude difference in the elements of matrices, numerical instability can arise, leading to errors and drift in the final calculations. In this paper, a novel online identification approach is introduced for differential order estimation in fractional-order SC models. The proposed method significantly shortens the long window while maintaining accuracy, making it feasible for implementation in low-cost microcontrollers and a viable solution for real-world applications. In addition, the proposed method addresses the drift error by applying online least squares error estimation that aligns it with its offline estimated value.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1876supercapacitorfractional-order dynamic modelonline identificationleast squares errordescent gradient optimization
spellingShingle Arsalan Rasoolzadeh
Sayed Amir Hashemi
Majid Pahlevani
Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
Energies
supercapacitor
fractional-order dynamic model
online identification
least squares error
descent gradient optimization
title Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
title_full Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
title_fullStr Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
title_full_unstemmed Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
title_short Online Identification of Differential Order in Supercapacitor Fractional-Order Models: Advancing Practical Implementation
title_sort online identification of differential order in supercapacitor fractional order models advancing practical implementation
topic supercapacitor
fractional-order dynamic model
online identification
least squares error
descent gradient optimization
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1876
work_keys_str_mv AT arsalanrasoolzadeh onlineidentificationofdifferentialorderinsupercapacitorfractionalordermodelsadvancingpracticalimplementation
AT sayedamirhashemi onlineidentificationofdifferentialorderinsupercapacitorfractionalordermodelsadvancingpracticalimplementation
AT majidpahlevani onlineidentificationofdifferentialorderinsupercapacitorfractionalordermodelsadvancingpracticalimplementation