The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Flaviviruses are a well-known mosquito borne viruses and their nucleic acid is single-stranded RNA which is enclosed with the capsid and envelop. Flavivirus infections can cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications in humans. Outbreaks have been recorded du...

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Main Authors: Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna, Hussen Ebrahim, Bruktawit Eshetu, Mihret Tilahun, Habtu Debash, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Agumas Shibabew, Ousman Mohammed, Alemu Gedefie, Saba Gebremichael Tekele, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Zewudu Mulatie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11443-y
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author Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna
Hussen Ebrahim
Bruktawit Eshetu
Mihret Tilahun
Habtu Debash
Melaku Ashagrie Belete
Agumas Shibabew
Ousman Mohammed
Alemu Gedefie
Saba Gebremichael Tekele
Ermiyas Alemayehu
Zewudu Mulatie
author_facet Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna
Hussen Ebrahim
Bruktawit Eshetu
Mihret Tilahun
Habtu Debash
Melaku Ashagrie Belete
Agumas Shibabew
Ousman Mohammed
Alemu Gedefie
Saba Gebremichael Tekele
Ermiyas Alemayehu
Zewudu Mulatie
author_sort Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Flaviviruses are a well-known mosquito borne viruses and their nucleic acid is single-stranded RNA which is enclosed with the capsid and envelop. Flavivirus infections can cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications in humans. Outbreaks have been recorded due to DENV and YFV infections in Ethiopia in different time. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) is to determine the overall magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia. Methods Initially reported under the registration number CRD42023492735, this SRMA was subsequently carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) standards. The search for appropriate resources took place from December 10, 2023, to January 10, 2024, using a number of electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, African Journal Online, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Web of Sciences. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment tool. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14.0. In addition to funnel plot and Egger’s test, which were used to detect publication bias, Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics were employed to measure heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence was estimated via a random effect model. Results The overall pooled prevalence of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia was found to be 12.67% (95% CI: 11.00–14.35). The highest pooled prevalence of 23.49% (17.53–29.45) was observed in DENV followed by ZIKV, 13.63% (12.73-40.00). The sero-prevalence markers of IgG and IgM for flaviviruses were detected among 12.18% and 7.41% patients, respectively. The highest pooled prevalence of flavivirus was demonstrated in studies conducted in health care facilities (17.32%). The sensitivity test exhibits that no single study had an impact on the overall pooled effect magnitude. The symmetry of the funnel plot and the Egger’s test statistics indicated publication bias. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia was high and DENV was the commonest flavivirus observed in the country. Nationwide surveillance of flaviviruses infection among human population should be conducted. Prompt prevention and control strategies should be implemented particularly in outbreak prone areas.
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spelling doaj-art-9f446e8a612c4788823ddec934690e772025-08-20T03:42:30ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-08-0125111310.1186/s12879-025-11443-yThe magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysisDaniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna0Hussen Ebrahim1Bruktawit Eshetu2Mihret Tilahun3Habtu Debash4Melaku Ashagrie Belete5Agumas Shibabew6Ousman Mohammed7Alemu Gedefie8Saba Gebremichael Tekele9Ermiyas Alemayehu10Zewudu Mulatie11Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityDepartment of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo UniversityAbstract Background Flaviviruses are a well-known mosquito borne viruses and their nucleic acid is single-stranded RNA which is enclosed with the capsid and envelop. Flavivirus infections can cause a wide variety of clinical manifestations and complications in humans. Outbreaks have been recorded due to DENV and YFV infections in Ethiopia in different time. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) is to determine the overall magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia. Methods Initially reported under the registration number CRD42023492735, this SRMA was subsequently carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) standards. The search for appropriate resources took place from December 10, 2023, to January 10, 2024, using a number of electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, African Journal Online, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Web of Sciences. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment tool. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14.0. In addition to funnel plot and Egger’s test, which were used to detect publication bias, Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistics were employed to measure heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence was estimated via a random effect model. Results The overall pooled prevalence of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia was found to be 12.67% (95% CI: 11.00–14.35). The highest pooled prevalence of 23.49% (17.53–29.45) was observed in DENV followed by ZIKV, 13.63% (12.73-40.00). The sero-prevalence markers of IgG and IgM for flaviviruses were detected among 12.18% and 7.41% patients, respectively. The highest pooled prevalence of flavivirus was demonstrated in studies conducted in health care facilities (17.32%). The sensitivity test exhibits that no single study had an impact on the overall pooled effect magnitude. The symmetry of the funnel plot and the Egger’s test statistics indicated publication bias. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia was high and DENV was the commonest flavivirus observed in the country. Nationwide surveillance of flaviviruses infection among human population should be conducted. Prompt prevention and control strategies should be implemented particularly in outbreak prone areas.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11443-yFlavivirusDENVZIKVWNVYFVPrevalence
spellingShingle Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna
Hussen Ebrahim
Bruktawit Eshetu
Mihret Tilahun
Habtu Debash
Melaku Ashagrie Belete
Agumas Shibabew
Ousman Mohammed
Alemu Gedefie
Saba Gebremichael Tekele
Ermiyas Alemayehu
Zewudu Mulatie
The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases
Flavivirus
DENV
ZIKV
WNV
YFV
Prevalence
title The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort magnitude of flaviviruses infection in ethiopia a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Flavivirus
DENV
ZIKV
WNV
YFV
Prevalence
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-11443-y
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