Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin
Abstract This study evaluates the oil recovery potential of sandstone reservoirs through sequential water-alternating CO₂ gas injection. Experimental work focuses on optimizing injection patterns, including alternating CO₂ and water cycles, to assess their impact on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Anal...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| author | Ashutosh Rawat Bhaskarjyoti Khanikar Abhishek Kumar Samanta Patrick Nguessan Bhavesh Mehta Anirbid Sircar Bhawanisingh Desai Achinta Bera Namrata Bist |
| author_facet | Ashutosh Rawat Bhaskarjyoti Khanikar Abhishek Kumar Samanta Patrick Nguessan Bhavesh Mehta Anirbid Sircar Bhawanisingh Desai Achinta Bera Namrata Bist |
| author_sort | Ashutosh Rawat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study evaluates the oil recovery potential of sandstone reservoirs through sequential water-alternating CO₂ gas injection. Experimental work focuses on optimizing injection patterns, including alternating CO₂ and water cycles, to assess their impact on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Analytical methods performed before detailed analyses include Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the crude oil and core samples from the same field of Cambay Basin. FTIR analysis revealed a dominance of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, suggesting favorable interactions with CO₂ for viscosity reduction and oil swelling. XRD revealed quartz-dominant cores with subordinate feldspar that control fluid permeability and chemical interactiveness. Sequential Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection improved sweep efficiency by minimizing gas channeling and maximizing CO₂-oil contact. Soak periods conducted during injection enhance some miscibility effects with addition of extra oil mobility. High permeability cores experienced early gas breakthroughs, while low permeability delayed gas movement, achieving better recovery. Reservoir heterogeneities and water-shielding effects were critical challenges, underscoring the role of petrophysical properties in recovery performance. The results demonstrate that CO₂ WAG injection in sandstone reservoirs significantly enhances crude oil recovery by improving oil displacement efficiency. The presented work emphasizes the parameters porosity, permeability, and oil saturation as prerequisites for the process. Collected sandstone core samples show that variations in these properties influence the effectiveness of CO₂ WAG injection showing the resultant oil recovery increase by 20–25% after secondary brine injection. The integration of advanced characterization and strategic injection patterns establishes a foundation for optimizing CO2 EOR in mature fields. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-9f40aa0df584447ebc3b39ccd3a811ee2025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-01746-0Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basinAshutosh Rawat0Bhaskarjyoti Khanikar1Abhishek Kumar Samanta2Patrick Nguessan3Bhavesh Mehta4Anirbid Sircar5Bhawanisingh Desai6Achinta Bera7Namrata Bist8Oil and Natural Gas Corporation LimitedDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityAbstract This study evaluates the oil recovery potential of sandstone reservoirs through sequential water-alternating CO₂ gas injection. Experimental work focuses on optimizing injection patterns, including alternating CO₂ and water cycles, to assess their impact on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Analytical methods performed before detailed analyses include Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the crude oil and core samples from the same field of Cambay Basin. FTIR analysis revealed a dominance of long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, suggesting favorable interactions with CO₂ for viscosity reduction and oil swelling. XRD revealed quartz-dominant cores with subordinate feldspar that control fluid permeability and chemical interactiveness. Sequential Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection improved sweep efficiency by minimizing gas channeling and maximizing CO₂-oil contact. Soak periods conducted during injection enhance some miscibility effects with addition of extra oil mobility. High permeability cores experienced early gas breakthroughs, while low permeability delayed gas movement, achieving better recovery. Reservoir heterogeneities and water-shielding effects were critical challenges, underscoring the role of petrophysical properties in recovery performance. The results demonstrate that CO₂ WAG injection in sandstone reservoirs significantly enhances crude oil recovery by improving oil displacement efficiency. The presented work emphasizes the parameters porosity, permeability, and oil saturation as prerequisites for the process. Collected sandstone core samples show that variations in these properties influence the effectiveness of CO₂ WAG injection showing the resultant oil recovery increase by 20–25% after secondary brine injection. The integration of advanced characterization and strategic injection patterns establishes a foundation for optimizing CO2 EOR in mature fields.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01746-0WAG injectionCO₂ floodingGas channelingSweep efficiencyOil recovery factor |
| spellingShingle | Ashutosh Rawat Bhaskarjyoti Khanikar Abhishek Kumar Samanta Patrick Nguessan Bhavesh Mehta Anirbid Sircar Bhawanisingh Desai Achinta Bera Namrata Bist Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin Scientific Reports WAG injection CO₂ flooding Gas channeling Sweep efficiency Oil recovery factor |
| title | Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin |
| title_full | Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin |
| title_fullStr | Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin |
| title_short | Experimental analysis of sequential water alternating CO₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in X-field sandstone reservoir of Cambay basin |
| title_sort | experimental analysis of sequential water alternating co₂ gas injection for enhancing oil recovery in x field sandstone reservoir of cambay basin |
| topic | WAG injection CO₂ flooding Gas channeling Sweep efficiency Oil recovery factor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01746-0 |
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