Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly
Background: Ozone pollution has increased alongside China’s economic development, contributing to public health issues such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At present, the problem of an aging population is aggravated, which is worth more attention in terms of the health problems of e...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Tianyun Wang Junlong Wang Li Sun Ye Deng Yuting Xiang Yuting Wang Jiamei Chen Wen Peng Yuanyao Cui Miao He |
| author_facet | Tianyun Wang Junlong Wang Li Sun Ye Deng Yuting Xiang Yuting Wang Jiamei Chen Wen Peng Yuanyao Cui Miao He |
| author_sort | Tianyun Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Ozone pollution has increased alongside China’s economic development, contributing to public health issues such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At present, the problem of an aging population is aggravated, which is worth more attention in terms of the health problems of elderly people. Methods: This study employed a distributional lag nonlinear model (DLNM) with Poisson regression to analyze the impact of ozone on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality among the elderly in Shenyang, China, from 2014 to 2018. In addition, a time-series generalized additive regression model (GAM) was used to analyze the joint effect between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone. Results: We found a positive correlation between ozone and mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly. The maximum relative risk (RR) of mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for every 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in ozone was 1.005 (95% CI: 1.002–1.008). Males (RR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.007–1.030), individuals in unconventional marital status (RR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011–1.038), and outdoor workers (RR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.002–1.031) were more vulnerable to ozone pollution. This study did not find significant differences in the impact of ozone pollution on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality risks among different educational groups. Additionally, a joint effect between ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed. Conclusion: This study confirms that ozone exposure is positively associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It emphasizes the joint effect of ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in exacerbating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-9f3fb042b8db41cab67c46b03fd456e22025-08-20T01:48:46ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-02-0113318410.3390/toxics13030184Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the ElderlyTianyun Wang0Junlong Wang1Li Sun2Ye Deng3Yuting Xiang4Yuting Wang5Jiamei Chen6Wen Peng7Yuanyao Cui8Miao He9Liaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, ChinaLiaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Damage Research and Assessment, Department of Environmental Physical Factors and Health, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, ChinaBackground: Ozone pollution has increased alongside China’s economic development, contributing to public health issues such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At present, the problem of an aging population is aggravated, which is worth more attention in terms of the health problems of elderly people. Methods: This study employed a distributional lag nonlinear model (DLNM) with Poisson regression to analyze the impact of ozone on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality among the elderly in Shenyang, China, from 2014 to 2018. In addition, a time-series generalized additive regression model (GAM) was used to analyze the joint effect between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone. Results: We found a positive correlation between ozone and mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly. The maximum relative risk (RR) of mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for every 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in ozone was 1.005 (95% CI: 1.002–1.008). Males (RR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.007–1.030), individuals in unconventional marital status (RR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011–1.038), and outdoor workers (RR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.002–1.031) were more vulnerable to ozone pollution. This study did not find significant differences in the impact of ozone pollution on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality risks among different educational groups. Additionally, a joint effect between ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> was observed. Conclusion: This study confirms that ozone exposure is positively associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It emphasizes the joint effect of ozone and PM<sub>2.5</sub> in exacerbating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/184O<sub>3</sub>PM<sub>2.5</sub>joint effectcardiovascular diseasecerebrovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Tianyun Wang Junlong Wang Li Sun Ye Deng Yuting Xiang Yuting Wang Jiamei Chen Wen Peng Yuanyao Cui Miao He Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly Toxics O<sub>3</sub> PM<sub>2.5</sub> joint effect cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease |
| title | Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly |
| title_full | Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly |
| title_short | Effect of Ozone Exposure on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in the Elderly |
| title_sort | effect of ozone exposure on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality in the elderly |
| topic | O<sub>3</sub> PM<sub>2.5</sub> joint effect cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/184 |
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