Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms

Background Sarcopenia has become a significant health issue, particularly as a common consequence of COVID-19 in older adults.Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical and psychological effects of integrated physical training with a high-protein diet compared with a regular protein diet in...

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Main Authors: Gopal Nambi, Mshari Alghadier, Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed, Arul Vellaiyan, Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim, Dena Eltabey Sobeh, Osama R Aldhafian, Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen, Hariraja Muthusamy, Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan, Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani, Alaa Jameel A Albarakati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group
Series:BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
Online Access:https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/04/04/bmjnph-2024-001076.full
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author Gopal Nambi
Mshari Alghadier
Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
Arul Vellaiyan
Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim
Dena Eltabey Sobeh
Osama R Aldhafian
Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
Hariraja Muthusamy
Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani
Alaa Jameel A Albarakati
author_facet Gopal Nambi
Mshari Alghadier
Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
Arul Vellaiyan
Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim
Dena Eltabey Sobeh
Osama R Aldhafian
Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
Hariraja Muthusamy
Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani
Alaa Jameel A Albarakati
author_sort Gopal Nambi
collection DOAJ
description Background Sarcopenia has become a significant health issue, particularly as a common consequence of COVID-19 in older adults.Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical and psychological effects of integrated physical training with a high-protein diet compared with a regular protein diet in community-dwelling older men who had recovered from COVID-19 and exhibited symptoms of sarcopenia.Methods This is a single-blinded, randomised, controlled study conducted from March 2020 to December 2023 at the University hospital. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomisation method. The first group underwent integrated physical training with a high-protein diet (group A; n=38), with an average age of 64.1±3.8 years, while the second group underwent integrated physical training with a regular protein diet (group B; n=38), with an average age of 64.5±3.6 years over an 8-week period. Clinical parameters (handgrip strength and muscle mass—cross-sectional area CSA) and psychological measures (kinesiophobia and quality of life) were assessed at baseline, the fourth week, the eighth week and at a 6-month follow-up. The data were analysed using a 4×2 mixed model for repeated measures at different time points.Results Demographic characteristics such as age, height, weight and body mass index did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). After the 8-week intervention and at the 6-month follow-up, handgrip strength decreased by −5.0 (95% CI −6.21 to −3.78), midthigh CSA decreased by −3.7 (95% CI −6.53 to −0.86), midcalf CSA decreased by −4.4 (95% CI −6.80 to −2.00), kinesiophobia level increased by 8.1 (95% CI 7.16 to 9.03) and quality of life decreased by −6.3 (95% CI −9.0 to −3.5). The findings indicated significantly greater improvement (p<0.001) in group A compared with group B, although there was no significant difference in muscle CSA in the arm region (p>0.05).Conclusion Integrated physical training with a high-protein diet led to improvements in clinical (muscle strength and muscle mass) and psychological (kinesiophobia and quality of life) parameters compared with integrated physical training with a regular protein diet in older men recovering from COVID-19 and displaying symptoms of sarcopenia.
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spelling doaj-art-9f3ea00f29404d98af55f707c732ddbf2025-08-20T03:07:32ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health2516-554210.1136/bmjnph-2024-001076Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptomsGopal Nambi0Mshari Alghadier1Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed2Arul Vellaiyan3Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim4Dena Eltabey Sobeh5Osama R Aldhafian6Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen7Hariraja Muthusamy8Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan9Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani10Alaa Jameel A Albarakati11Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical and Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi ArabiaOrthopedic Surgery Department, King Fahd Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah Branch, Makkah, Saudi ArabiaBackground Sarcopenia has become a significant health issue, particularly as a common consequence of COVID-19 in older adults.Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical and psychological effects of integrated physical training with a high-protein diet compared with a regular protein diet in community-dwelling older men who had recovered from COVID-19 and exhibited symptoms of sarcopenia.Methods This is a single-blinded, randomised, controlled study conducted from March 2020 to December 2023 at the University hospital. The eligible participants were randomly assigned to two groups using the block randomisation method. The first group underwent integrated physical training with a high-protein diet (group A; n=38), with an average age of 64.1±3.8 years, while the second group underwent integrated physical training with a regular protein diet (group B; n=38), with an average age of 64.5±3.6 years over an 8-week period. Clinical parameters (handgrip strength and muscle mass—cross-sectional area CSA) and psychological measures (kinesiophobia and quality of life) were assessed at baseline, the fourth week, the eighth week and at a 6-month follow-up. The data were analysed using a 4×2 mixed model for repeated measures at different time points.Results Demographic characteristics such as age, height, weight and body mass index did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0.05). After the 8-week intervention and at the 6-month follow-up, handgrip strength decreased by −5.0 (95% CI −6.21 to −3.78), midthigh CSA decreased by −3.7 (95% CI −6.53 to −0.86), midcalf CSA decreased by −4.4 (95% CI −6.80 to −2.00), kinesiophobia level increased by 8.1 (95% CI 7.16 to 9.03) and quality of life decreased by −6.3 (95% CI −9.0 to −3.5). The findings indicated significantly greater improvement (p<0.001) in group A compared with group B, although there was no significant difference in muscle CSA in the arm region (p>0.05).Conclusion Integrated physical training with a high-protein diet led to improvements in clinical (muscle strength and muscle mass) and psychological (kinesiophobia and quality of life) parameters compared with integrated physical training with a regular protein diet in older men recovering from COVID-19 and displaying symptoms of sarcopenia.https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/04/04/bmjnph-2024-001076.full
spellingShingle Gopal Nambi
Mshari Alghadier
Shahul Hameed Pakkir Mohamed
Arul Vellaiyan
Elturabi Elsayed Ebrahim
Dena Eltabey Sobeh
Osama R Aldhafian
Mohamed Sherif Sirajudeen
Hariraja Muthusamy
Radhakrishnan Unnikrishnan
Naif Nwihadh Alshahrani
Alaa Jameel A Albarakati
Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
title Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
title_full Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
title_fullStr Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
title_full_unstemmed Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
title_short Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
title_sort comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post covid 19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms
url https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/04/04/bmjnph-2024-001076.full
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