Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.

Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is widely used in molecular biology research both for analytical assays and for nucleic acid preparation. The catalytic mechanism of RNase A is well understood and absolutely precludes activity on DNA; however anecdotal reports of DNA degradation by RNase A are not uncommon....

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Federico Donà, Jonathan Houseley
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115008
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850162057476833280
author Federico Donà
Jonathan Houseley
author_facet Federico Donà
Jonathan Houseley
author_sort Federico Donà
collection DOAJ
description Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is widely used in molecular biology research both for analytical assays and for nucleic acid preparation. The catalytic mechanism of RNase A is well understood and absolutely precludes activity on DNA; however anecdotal reports of DNA degradation by RNase A are not uncommon. Here we describe a mechanism by which RNase A treatment can lead to apparent DNA degradation. This results from the surprising finding that RNase A remains functional in a phenol:chloroform mixture, to our knowledge the only enzyme that survives this highly denaturing solvent environment. Although RNase A does not cleave the DNA backbone it is capable of binding to DNA, forming stable RNase A-DNA complexes that partition to the interphase or organic phase during phenol:chloroform purification. The unexpected survival of the RNase A DNA-binding activity in phenol means that these complexes are not dissolved and a substantial amount of RNase A-bound DNA is permanently removed from the aqueous phase and lost on phase separation. This effect will impact DNA recovery from multiple procedures and is likely to represent a source of sequence bias in genome-wide studies. Our results also indicate that the results of analytical studies performed using RNase A must be considered with care.
format Article
id doaj-art-9f24e3cb01184c2d9556cb6ab5d3acd4
institution OA Journals
issn 1932-6203
language English
publishDate 2014-01-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
series PLoS ONE
spelling doaj-art-9f24e3cb01184c2d9556cb6ab5d3acd42025-08-20T02:22:39ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-01912e11500810.1371/journal.pone.0115008Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.Federico DonàJonathan HouseleyRibonuclease A (RNase A) is widely used in molecular biology research both for analytical assays and for nucleic acid preparation. The catalytic mechanism of RNase A is well understood and absolutely precludes activity on DNA; however anecdotal reports of DNA degradation by RNase A are not uncommon. Here we describe a mechanism by which RNase A treatment can lead to apparent DNA degradation. This results from the surprising finding that RNase A remains functional in a phenol:chloroform mixture, to our knowledge the only enzyme that survives this highly denaturing solvent environment. Although RNase A does not cleave the DNA backbone it is capable of binding to DNA, forming stable RNase A-DNA complexes that partition to the interphase or organic phase during phenol:chloroform purification. The unexpected survival of the RNase A DNA-binding activity in phenol means that these complexes are not dissolved and a substantial amount of RNase A-bound DNA is permanently removed from the aqueous phase and lost on phase separation. This effect will impact DNA recovery from multiple procedures and is likely to represent a source of sequence bias in genome-wide studies. Our results also indicate that the results of analytical studies performed using RNase A must be considered with care.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115008
spellingShingle Federico Donà
Jonathan Houseley
Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
PLoS ONE
title Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
title_full Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
title_fullStr Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
title_full_unstemmed Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
title_short Unexpected DNA loss mediated by the DNA binding activity of ribonuclease A.
title_sort unexpected dna loss mediated by the dna binding activity of ribonuclease a
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115008
work_keys_str_mv AT federicodona unexpecteddnalossmediatedbythednabindingactivityofribonucleasea
AT jonathanhouseley unexpecteddnalossmediatedbythednabindingactivityofribonucleasea