Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA

Abstract There are many cropping systems on floodplain soils, but greenhouse gas (GHG) emission balances of these agricultural systems are rarely reported. Carbon (C) footprints of agricultural products were assessed using a co-designed life cycle assessment tool in major cropping systems in Banglad...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir, Eduardo Aguilera, Jannatul Ferdous, Farah Mahjabin, Abdullah Al Asif, Moutakin Hossan, Hassan Ahmad, Maximilian Bauer, Alberto Sanz Cobeña, Christoph Müller, Mohammad Zaman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90157-2
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author Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir
Eduardo Aguilera
Jannatul Ferdous
Farah Mahjabin
Abdullah Al Asif
Moutakin Hossan
Hassan Ahmad
Maximilian Bauer
Alberto Sanz Cobeña
Christoph Müller
Mohammad Zaman
author_facet Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir
Eduardo Aguilera
Jannatul Ferdous
Farah Mahjabin
Abdullah Al Asif
Moutakin Hossan
Hassan Ahmad
Maximilian Bauer
Alberto Sanz Cobeña
Christoph Müller
Mohammad Zaman
author_sort Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir
collection DOAJ
description Abstract There are many cropping systems on floodplain soils, but greenhouse gas (GHG) emission balances of these agricultural systems are rarely reported. Carbon (C) footprints of agricultural products were assessed using a co-designed life cycle assessment tool in major cropping systems in Bangladesh: rice-rice-rice (R-R-R/boro-aus-aman), rice-fallow-rice (R-F-R/boro-fallow-aman), maize-fallow-rice (M-F-R), wheat-mungbean-rice (W-Mu-R), and potato-rice-fallow (P-R-F) along with the field measurement of some of the systems. The rice system with dryland crops had higher nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (3.8 in maize, 4.5 in potato and 0.92 kg N2O–N ha−1 in mungbean) than sole rice (0.73 in boro, 0.57 in aus and 1.94 kg N2O–N ha−1 in aman) systems but methane (CH4) emissions exhibited the opposite. Methane dominated, accounting for 50–80% of total emissions in rice systems. The boro rice-based systems (R-R-R and R-F-R) had the highest C footprint (ca. 25.8 and 19.2 Mg CO2e ha−1) while the P-F-R (12.3 Mg CO2e ha−1) and M-F-R (12.6 Mg CO2e ha−1) had the lowest C footprint. Boro and aus were more suitable to reduce C footprint. Measured CH4 and N2O data agreed well with the IPCC Tier 1 estimates but further study on GHG measurements in other agroecosystems and cropping systems are required to validate the estimation for adopting suitable GHG mitigation strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-9f20ddff5ad04825aee6d1ee8d5ae8f22025-08-20T03:40:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-90157-2Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCAMohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir0Eduardo Aguilera1Jannatul Ferdous2Farah Mahjabin3Abdullah Al Asif4Moutakin Hossan5Hassan Ahmad6Maximilian Bauer7Alberto Sanz Cobeña8Christoph Müller9Mohammad Zaman10Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Economy, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research CouncilDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversitySoil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & AgricultureDepartment of Chemistry, Leibniz Universität HannoverInstitute of Economy, Geography and Demography, Spanish National Research CouncilInstitute of Plant Ecology (IFZ), Justus-Liebig University GiessenSoil and Water Management & Crop Nutrition, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food & AgricultureAbstract There are many cropping systems on floodplain soils, but greenhouse gas (GHG) emission balances of these agricultural systems are rarely reported. Carbon (C) footprints of agricultural products were assessed using a co-designed life cycle assessment tool in major cropping systems in Bangladesh: rice-rice-rice (R-R-R/boro-aus-aman), rice-fallow-rice (R-F-R/boro-fallow-aman), maize-fallow-rice (M-F-R), wheat-mungbean-rice (W-Mu-R), and potato-rice-fallow (P-R-F) along with the field measurement of some of the systems. The rice system with dryland crops had higher nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (3.8 in maize, 4.5 in potato and 0.92 kg N2O–N ha−1 in mungbean) than sole rice (0.73 in boro, 0.57 in aus and 1.94 kg N2O–N ha−1 in aman) systems but methane (CH4) emissions exhibited the opposite. Methane dominated, accounting for 50–80% of total emissions in rice systems. The boro rice-based systems (R-R-R and R-F-R) had the highest C footprint (ca. 25.8 and 19.2 Mg CO2e ha−1) while the P-F-R (12.3 Mg CO2e ha−1) and M-F-R (12.6 Mg CO2e ha−1) had the lowest C footprint. Boro and aus were more suitable to reduce C footprint. Measured CH4 and N2O data agreed well with the IPCC Tier 1 estimates but further study on GHG measurements in other agroecosystems and cropping systems are required to validate the estimation for adopting suitable GHG mitigation strategies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90157-2Carbon footprintCo-designed Carbon footprint calculation toolsGreenhouse Gas (GHG) emissionsMajor cropping patterns
spellingShingle Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir
Eduardo Aguilera
Jannatul Ferdous
Farah Mahjabin
Abdullah Al Asif
Moutakin Hossan
Hassan Ahmad
Maximilian Bauer
Alberto Sanz Cobeña
Christoph Müller
Mohammad Zaman
Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
Scientific Reports
Carbon footprint
Co-designed Carbon footprint calculation tools
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
Major cropping patterns
title Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
title_full Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
title_fullStr Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
title_full_unstemmed Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
title_short Carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice-based cropping systems using LCA
title_sort carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions of different rice based cropping systems using lca
topic Carbon footprint
Co-designed Carbon footprint calculation tools
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
Major cropping patterns
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90157-2
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