Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review

Polyphenols (PPs) are recognized as bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents, playing a critical role in enhancing food safety, preservation, and extending shelf life. The antimicrobial effectiveness of PPs has different molecular and biological reasons, predominantly linked to their hydroxyl gr...

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Main Authors: Luca De Rossi, Gabriele Rocchetti, Luigi Lucini, Annalisa Rebecchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/200
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author Luca De Rossi
Gabriele Rocchetti
Luigi Lucini
Annalisa Rebecchi
author_facet Luca De Rossi
Gabriele Rocchetti
Luigi Lucini
Annalisa Rebecchi
author_sort Luca De Rossi
collection DOAJ
description Polyphenols (PPs) are recognized as bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents, playing a critical role in enhancing food safety, preservation, and extending shelf life. The antimicrobial effectiveness of PPs has different molecular and biological reasons, predominantly linked to their hydroxyl groups and electron delocalization, which interact with microbial cell membranes, proteins, and organelles. These interactions may reduce the efficiency of metabolic pathways, cause destructive damage to the cell membrane, or they may harm the proteins and nucleic acids of the foodborne bacteria. Moreover, PPs exhibit a distinctive ability to form complexes with metal ions, further amplifying their antimicrobial activity. This narrative review explores the complex and multifaceted interactions between PPs and foodborne pathogens, underlying the correlation of their chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Such insights shed light on the potential of PPs as innovative natural preservatives within food systems, presenting an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to synthetic additives.
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issn 2076-3921
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series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-9f1547260cf34ae1b8cffbeba28a07e72025-08-20T03:11:07ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-02-0114220010.3390/antiox14020200Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative ReviewLuca De Rossi0Gabriele Rocchetti1Luigi Lucini2Annalisa Rebecchi3Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Stefano Leonida Bissolati 74, 26100 Cremona, ItalyDepartment of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyDepartment for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Stefano Leonida Bissolati 74, 26100 Cremona, ItalyPolyphenols (PPs) are recognized as bioactive compounds and antimicrobial agents, playing a critical role in enhancing food safety, preservation, and extending shelf life. The antimicrobial effectiveness of PPs has different molecular and biological reasons, predominantly linked to their hydroxyl groups and electron delocalization, which interact with microbial cell membranes, proteins, and organelles. These interactions may reduce the efficiency of metabolic pathways, cause destructive damage to the cell membrane, or they may harm the proteins and nucleic acids of the foodborne bacteria. Moreover, PPs exhibit a distinctive ability to form complexes with metal ions, further amplifying their antimicrobial activity. This narrative review explores the complex and multifaceted interactions between PPs and foodborne pathogens, underlying the correlation of their chemical structures and mechanisms of action. Such insights shed light on the potential of PPs as innovative natural preservatives within food systems, presenting an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to synthetic additives.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/200polyphenolsantimicrobial activityfoodborne pathogensantioxidantsplant extracts
spellingShingle Luca De Rossi
Gabriele Rocchetti
Luigi Lucini
Annalisa Rebecchi
Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
Antioxidants
polyphenols
antimicrobial activity
foodborne pathogens
antioxidants
plant extracts
title Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
title_full Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
title_short Antimicrobial Potential of Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action and Microbial Responses—A Narrative Review
title_sort antimicrobial potential of polyphenols mechanisms of action and microbial responses a narrative review
topic polyphenols
antimicrobial activity
foodborne pathogens
antioxidants
plant extracts
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/2/200
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AT luigilucini antimicrobialpotentialofpolyphenolsmechanismsofactionandmicrobialresponsesanarrativereview
AT annalisarebecchi antimicrobialpotentialofpolyphenolsmechanismsofactionandmicrobialresponsesanarrativereview