Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration and Fluxes of Lisbon Portugal Using Regional CO<sub>2</sub> Assimilation Method Based on WRF-Chem
Cities house more than half of the world’s population and are responsible for more than 70% of the world anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Therefore, quantifications of emissions from major cities, which are only less than a hundred intense emitting spots across the globe, should a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/7/847 |
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| Summary: | Cities house more than half of the world’s population and are responsible for more than 70% of the world anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Therefore, quantifications of emissions from major cities, which are only less than a hundred intense emitting spots across the globe, should allow us to monitor changes in global fossil fuel CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in an independent, objective way. The study adopted a high-spatiotemporal-resolution regional assimilation method using satellite observation data and atmospheric transport model WRF-Chem/DART to assimilate CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and fluxes in Lisbon, a major city in Portugal. It is based on Zhang’s assimilation method, combined OCO-2 XCO<sub>2</sub> retrieval data, ODIAC 1 km anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter Assimilation. By employing three two-way nested domains in WRF-Chem, we refined the spatial resolution of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and fluxes over Lisbon to 3 km. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and main driving factors of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and fluxes in Lisbon and its surrounding cities and countries were analyzed in March 2020, during the period affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the monthly average CO<sub>2</sub> and XCO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in Lisbon were 420.66 ppm and 413.88 ppm, respectively, and the total flux was 0.50 Tg CO<sub>2</sub>. From a wider perspective, the findings provide a scientific foundation for urban carbon emission management and policy-making. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4433 |