Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)

Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a model for predicting vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students using easily accessible clinical characteristics. Methods Data were derived from a cross-section study of the Vitamin D status in Chinese college students in September, 2020. Totally...

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Main Authors: Yingyi Luo, Chunbo Qu, Guyanan Li, Qiannan Di, Shangzhen Ding, Ruoyou Jiang, Ruotong Wang, Siyuan Wang, Lixin Na
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00871-w
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author Yingyi Luo
Chunbo Qu
Guyanan Li
Qiannan Di
Shangzhen Ding
Ruoyou Jiang
Ruotong Wang
Siyuan Wang
Lixin Na
author_facet Yingyi Luo
Chunbo Qu
Guyanan Li
Qiannan Di
Shangzhen Ding
Ruoyou Jiang
Ruotong Wang
Siyuan Wang
Lixin Na
author_sort Yingyi Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This study aims to develop a model for predicting vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students using easily accessible clinical characteristics. Methods Data were derived from a cross-section study of the Vitamin D status in Chinese college students in September, 2020. Totally 1,667 freshmen from 26 provinces, autonomous districts or municipalities were analyzed. A LASSO regression model was used to select predictors and the significant factors were used to construct the logistic regression model expression and the nomogram. The prediction model was subjected to100 bootstrap resamples for internal validation to assess its predictive accuracy. Calibration and discrimination were used to assess the performance of the model. A dynamic online nomogram was conducted to make the model easy to use. The clinical use was evaluated by a decision curve analysis. Results Gender, region of original residence, milk and yogurt intake, puffed foods intake, outdoor activity duration, UV protection index and “taken calcium or vitamin D supplements within 3 months” were identified as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency among Chinese college students. The model demonstrated good calibration with a 100 bootstraps analysis. The C-index was 0.677 and the bias-adjusted C-index was 0.668 in internal validation with 100 bootstrap resamples. The decision curve analysis showed a threshold probability between 0.5 and 0.8, using the model added more benefit than considering all patients are deficient or not deficient. Conclusions The performance of this vitamin D deficiency prediction model is commendable, and the dynamic online nomogram was proved to be a user-friendly screening tool for identifying high-risk subjects among Chinese college students. However, external validation is imperative to ensure the model’s generalizability.
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spelling doaj-art-9f0d4c4dd90c4e109487b8535ded11aa2025-08-20T02:19:58ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-04-0144111210.1186/s41043-025-00871-wDevelopment and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)Yingyi Luo0Chunbo Qu1Guyanan Li2Qiannan Di3Shangzhen Ding4Ruoyou Jiang5Ruotong Wang6Siyuan Wang7Lixin Na8Medical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesPublic Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesPublic Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesPublic Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesMedical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesMedical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesMedical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesMedical Technology College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesPublic Health College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesAbstract Objective This study aims to develop a model for predicting vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students using easily accessible clinical characteristics. Methods Data were derived from a cross-section study of the Vitamin D status in Chinese college students in September, 2020. Totally 1,667 freshmen from 26 provinces, autonomous districts or municipalities were analyzed. A LASSO regression model was used to select predictors and the significant factors were used to construct the logistic regression model expression and the nomogram. The prediction model was subjected to100 bootstrap resamples for internal validation to assess its predictive accuracy. Calibration and discrimination were used to assess the performance of the model. A dynamic online nomogram was conducted to make the model easy to use. The clinical use was evaluated by a decision curve analysis. Results Gender, region of original residence, milk and yogurt intake, puffed foods intake, outdoor activity duration, UV protection index and “taken calcium or vitamin D supplements within 3 months” were identified as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency among Chinese college students. The model demonstrated good calibration with a 100 bootstraps analysis. The C-index was 0.677 and the bias-adjusted C-index was 0.668 in internal validation with 100 bootstrap resamples. The decision curve analysis showed a threshold probability between 0.5 and 0.8, using the model added more benefit than considering all patients are deficient or not deficient. Conclusions The performance of this vitamin D deficiency prediction model is commendable, and the dynamic online nomogram was proved to be a user-friendly screening tool for identifying high-risk subjects among Chinese college students. However, external validation is imperative to ensure the model’s generalizability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00871-wVitamin DVitamin D deficiencyPrediction modelDynamic nomogramLasso regressionChinese
spellingShingle Yingyi Luo
Chunbo Qu
Guyanan Li
Qiannan Di
Shangzhen Ding
Ruoyou Jiang
Ruotong Wang
Siyuan Wang
Lixin Na
Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency
Prediction model
Dynamic nomogram
Lasso regression
Chinese
title Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
title_full Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
title_fullStr Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
title_short Development and validation of prediction model for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese college students (a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin D deficiency for Chinese college students)
title_sort development and validation of prediction model for vitamin d deficiency in chinese college students a dynamic online nomogram predicting vitamin d deficiency for chinese college students
topic Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency
Prediction model
Dynamic nomogram
Lasso regression
Chinese
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00871-w
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