Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Vitamin D supplementation is effective for allergic rhinitis; however, its usefulness is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the conditions in which vitamin D supplementation was effective in allergic rhinitis managemen...

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Main Authors: Kei Kawada, Chiemi Sato, Tomoaki Ishida, Yui Nagao, Takaaki Yamamoto, Kohei Jobu, Yukihiro Hamada, Yuki Izawa Ishizawa, Keisuke Ishizawa, Shinji Abe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/355
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author Kei Kawada
Chiemi Sato
Tomoaki Ishida
Yui Nagao
Takaaki Yamamoto
Kohei Jobu
Yukihiro Hamada
Yuki Izawa Ishizawa
Keisuke Ishizawa
Shinji Abe
author_facet Kei Kawada
Chiemi Sato
Tomoaki Ishida
Yui Nagao
Takaaki Yamamoto
Kohei Jobu
Yukihiro Hamada
Yuki Izawa Ishizawa
Keisuke Ishizawa
Shinji Abe
author_sort Kei Kawada
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Vitamin D supplementation is effective for allergic rhinitis; however, its usefulness is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the conditions in which vitamin D supplementation was effective in allergic rhinitis management. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation used for patients with allergic rhinitis were searched for across different databases. We extracted scores on patients’ symptoms and the medication types used as the baseline treatments and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on allergic rhinitis symptoms. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for the average age, proportion of female participants, concomitant medications, vitamin D administration durations, and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. <i>Results</i>: In total, 2389 articles were screened, and 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebos, vitamin D supplementation alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the difference was not significant; there was significant heterogeneity among studies (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.20 to 0.82, I2 = 98%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The proportion of female participants in the RCTs (slope: 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.026) and concomitant corticosteroid use (slope: −9.16, <i>p</i> = 0.005) influenced the vitamin D response. Compared with the placebos, vitamin D supplementation without corticosteroids alleviated the allergic rhinitis symptoms (SMD = −0.56, 95% CI: −0.90 to −0.23). Combination treatment with corticosteroids also non-significantly alleviated symptoms. Additionally, the heterogeneity between studies was significant (SMD = −5.97, 95% CI: −13.55 to 1.16, I2 = 99%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: The study results suggest that vitamin D supplementation alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the effects differ according to the patient’s sex and concomitant medications.
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spelling doaj-art-9ef04d41953646309435db184dcd1e572025-08-20T02:03:28ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-02-0161235510.3390/medicina61020355Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisKei Kawada0Chiemi Sato1Tomoaki Ishida2Yui Nagao3Takaaki Yamamoto4Kohei Jobu5Yukihiro Hamada6Yuki Izawa Ishizawa7Keisuke Ishizawa8Shinji Abe9Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8505, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8505, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8505, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8505, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8503, JapanDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy Practice Pedagogy, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Vitamin D supplementation is effective for allergic rhinitis; however, its usefulness is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the conditions in which vitamin D supplementation was effective in allergic rhinitis management. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation used for patients with allergic rhinitis were searched for across different databases. We extracted scores on patients’ symptoms and the medication types used as the baseline treatments and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on allergic rhinitis symptoms. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed for the average age, proportion of female participants, concomitant medications, vitamin D administration durations, and baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. <i>Results</i>: In total, 2389 articles were screened, and 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebos, vitamin D supplementation alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the difference was not significant; there was significant heterogeneity among studies (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −6.20 to 0.82, I2 = 98%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). The proportion of female participants in the RCTs (slope: 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.026) and concomitant corticosteroid use (slope: −9.16, <i>p</i> = 0.005) influenced the vitamin D response. Compared with the placebos, vitamin D supplementation without corticosteroids alleviated the allergic rhinitis symptoms (SMD = −0.56, 95% CI: −0.90 to −0.23). Combination treatment with corticosteroids also non-significantly alleviated symptoms. Additionally, the heterogeneity between studies was significant (SMD = −5.97, 95% CI: −13.55 to 1.16, I2 = 99%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: The study results suggest that vitamin D supplementation alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms, although the effects differ according to the patient’s sex and concomitant medications.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/355allergic rhinitisvitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin Ddietary supplements
spellingShingle Kei Kawada
Chiemi Sato
Tomoaki Ishida
Yui Nagao
Takaaki Yamamoto
Kohei Jobu
Yukihiro Hamada
Yuki Izawa Ishizawa
Keisuke Ishizawa
Shinji Abe
Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Medicina
allergic rhinitis
vitamin D
25-hydroxyvitamin D
dietary supplements
title Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Vitamin D Supplementation and Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort vitamin d supplementation and allergic rhinitis a systematic review and meta analysis
topic allergic rhinitis
vitamin D
25-hydroxyvitamin D
dietary supplements
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/2/355
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